CLAS 1000 1st Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture III. Awkward Adolesense: Mid/Late Archaic (700-500BC)B. Polis! Now what?3. The Athenian Adventure:- Kylon’s attempt at tyranny- Drakon’s legislation- Solon’s reform- Peisistratos’ tyranny…Current LecturePeisistratos’ Tyranny:- Homer? Peisistratos possibly came up with the first standard issue of Homer, but many don’t believe this to be true- Implemented many construction projects…o Public wells, aqueducts, templeso These projects created jobso Polis as an employer; people came to Athens to work for the polis- “Golden Age” of expansion (economically, culturally)o even though Athenians hate tyranny, they did like what Peisistratos did.- Peisistratos diesTyranny of Hippias and Hipparkhos (sons of Peisistratos)- Patron of the arts (famous poets)- Continued popularity of their father by doing exactly what he did as a tyrant- Partial assassination:o Aristogeiton and Harmodium –love story that resulted in the death of Hipparkhos, but not Hippias- Paranoia and repression- Hippias became and obnoxious tyranto Alkmeonids kicked out of Athens (3rd time)- Alkmeonids machinations: try to find a way to get back into Athens and get rid of Hippiaso Deliphi- Alkmeonids paid to make the temple of Apollo beautifulThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Now the oracle would tell Spartans to free the Athenians from tyrannyo Spartans hated tyrants so it didn’t take much convincing to get them to help overthrow Hippias - Expulsion of Hippias/ recall of the exileso Rumor has it that Hippias goes to the Persian kingIsagoras (Archon, 508BC)- Attempts to restore the aristocratic oligarchyo Rejects Solon’s reform and gives back control to the wealthy Spartans support this Kleisthenes and other Alkmeonids exiled (4th time)- Most people don’t want the aristocratic oligarchy to return (especially the poor)o Negotiations were made, Spartans left Attika, aristocrats were kicked outo Kleisthenes and company are called backKleithenes’ Democratic Reform:- Old system: 4 “Tribes” based on geographical locationo Problem with this system: proximity Same with factions: shore, hill, plane Would be easy for one family to assume power and take over or start a war for powero Solution: no more proximal tribes: break up and distribute power centers- New System: 10 “tribes” (named after mythological kinds)o Tribes were further divided into thirds, “tryttys, tryttyes” Attika divided into three parts (each part was placed in a different geographical location (city, coast, inland)o “Demes” – districts within each third of the tribes Districts were villiages and small towns One ore more deme for each tryttys, average was 4 demes per tryttyso This sytem was a basis for citizenship If you moved, you were still a citizen and belonged to that demeo In order to promote this system, demotic name was used instead of fathers name Perikles, son of Xanthippos  Perikles, son of Kholargos- Democracy: Ekklesia, “Assembly”o Open to all male citizens, 20 years and older, from all classeso Completely participatory Anyone could address the assembly Voting was done by show of handso Meeting were held every nine days Larger, more important meetings were held every 4th meetingo A three day journey from the fathest point in Attika to Athens for some men to get to the meetings. These men couldn’t come every nine days, so they would come 10 times per year to the bigger meetings.o Meetings were held at Phyx 15,000 could meet here, but only 6,000 were required to make decisionso Decisions recorded: Laws Elections “Euthunia” – setting straight, audit of outgoing magistratesDemocracy | Boulé, “council”- a council of 500 (50 members per tribe)- chosen by lot from demes (proportionate to population size of each deme)o no electionso had to be 30+ years old, of any classo term limit: 1 year, but could serve twice in lifetime- Powers:o Probouleumata, “pre-council” – organized assembly, prepared proposalso Prytany (“presidency”) Each tribe holds the position of president for 36 days Each day a different person is in charge, but you could not be chairman more than once If you were chairman on the day of an assembly, then you lead the assemblyDemocracy | Dikasteria, “courts”- No professional legal occupations (no judges/lawyers)o Each man had to represent himself in his own caseo Each tribe pulled 600 men to create a court system of 6,000 men Men were drawn from a pool of all male citizens 30+ Ten courts, dealing with specific crimes- Number of jurers varied depending of the severity of the crime- Originally, courts were used as appeals, later they would be used as a first resorto 6 Archons- decided on cases and determined if they was enough evidence for a trial on the caseoDemocracy | Archons- Eventually diminishedo Same 9 as easier governmento Chosen by loto Expanded to be available to the top three classeso Lost most of their power under the democracy Became mostly administrativeo Still became areopagos after one year- Areopagos:o Lose vetoo Limited to try homicide, sacrilegeo Slowly lost their prestige as well due to the new democracy