Clas 1000 1st Edition Exam # 1 Study GuideThe following names and concepts have appeared in the lecture and are fair game for the Opportunity. This guide more or less proceeds in the same order as the lectures, so it should be easy to coordinate your notes with it. It will be updated on a weekly basis until Opportunity the First. A new guide will appear for the second-half material.In addition to the topics presented in lecture, the assigned readings in our main textbook, The Greeks: History, Culture, and Society, and in particular the terms in bold (also listed at the end of the chapter), are required and there will be questions on the Opportunity based on them. They are not listed on this study guide, except for those also covered in lecture.I. Introduction: EmergenceA. Indo-European Heritage Sir William Jones’ speech (February 2, 1786) o Said that if you look at the words in Sanskrit, Latin, or Greek a lot of them are very similar and may even be related; same with Gothic, Celtic, and Persian. Claimed that every language was derived from a single langage: the Proto-Indo-European Language. spread of Indo-European languageso Groups left homeland and migrated in search over food, land, and because of power conflicts; this caused a spread of the language, which slowly changed in each group depending on words they needed. speculation on culture and myth (Calvert Watkins, How to Kill a Dragon 2001)o All languages have a common phrase about killing a serpent, signifying that the phrase originated in the Proto-Indo-European langage.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Greek wanderings: enter Greece from north (by 2300 BC); “Pelasgians”o Pelasgians were the original people of Greeceo Rumor that Hera may have been a Pelasgian and Zeus had an affair with her, which in turned joined the two groups togethers.B. Bronze Age Minoan dominance (2000-1600 BC): Sir Arthur Evans excavates Krete (1899 AD); not Greek; palace centers, command economy, redistribution, linear A, thalassocracy-“rule by the sea” Mycenaean dominance (1600-1200 BC): Heinrich Schliemann excavates Troy (1870+ AD), then Mycenae; adoption / overthrow of Minoan culture; Linear B; Mediterranean trade (conflict with Troy, Hittites?) o Adapted cultural life of the Minoans, but were more militaristico Linear B- the early form of Greeko Highly organized: wanax (king)  lawagatas  basileus (local official) Catastrophe! (1200 BC): “Sea Peoples” and Dorian invasiono Explains the loss of the Mycenaean civilization and lead to the dark ages “Dark Ages” (1200-800 BC): population decline, decentralization, little trade, writing lost, past becomes legendII. Epic Encounters: Early Archaic (800 to 700 BC)A. Homer heroic ethico terms:  timē,- “honor” the trophy case kleos,- “glory, fame, and reputation” – the trophies aretē,- “personal, inborn excellence”  aristeia,- “a state of being the best” – temporary display or prowess kharis, - “reciprocity” – only done between equals xenia, - “guest/host friendship” atē, - “blind infatuation that leads to ruin” – why did I do this? Hubris – “transgression of boundaries”o shame cultureo external psychologyo god/man asymmetryIliado relation of story to Trojan war a microcosm of the Trojan War, just a few days of the 9 year waro the mēnis of Akhilleus First time is with Agamemnon over the girls Second is over Hektors bodyo book I: Agamemnon and Apollon, the hubris of Agamemnon, miasmsa, Apollon as plague god; the quarrel between Agamemnon and Akhilleus: crisis in timē, jealousy, threat to society; Thetis: parenthood, immortal confronting death, Akhilleus’ request; kharis between Thetis and Zeus, supplication; quarrel between Zeus and Hera, temporary resolution at divine levelo book II Agamemnon: aretē, symbolic passing of staff (2.100-108), not king of all Greeks; deceptive dream, failure of leadership, disparity of timē/kleos and insecurity of Agamemnon Thersites: voice of the “common man”; same criticism as Akhilleus, different results; Homer’s aristocratic viewpoint, appearance/reality, hubris of Thersites; comparison of Hephaistos and Thersites- Both are deformed and both play the fool and get laughed ato book III: duel between Menelaos and Paris, aretē of both men; god/man asymmetry (Helen/Aphrodite); relationship of Helen and Pariso book VI Glaukos/Diomedes: golden armor; genealogical pride, disparity of timē/kleos and Glaukos’ insecurity; reference to writing; importance of xenia and kharis, exchange of gifts Hektor at Troy: plot motivation, prayer to Athene, god/man asymmetry; Hektor and Hekabe; Hektor and Helen, possible Homeric self-reference;Hektor and Andromakhe, mutual search, their relationship (compare to Parisand Helen), public farewell; Astyanax (recognition and symbolism of name); knowledge of audience/character: dramatic tension; family unit and civilization- Astyanax means “lord of the city” showing that once his father dies he will be king- two sides of Hektor: warrior/family man; individual/society; outside/inside; helmet on/off, choice delayed; “humanized,” foil to Akhilleus- stakes of war, war as disruptive to society, Greeks’ distaste for war (in literature)o book IX: embassy to Akhilleus; Akhilleus the epic poet; importance of xenia; speeches of Odysseus (clever), Phoinix (emotional), Aias (blood price, civilization); Akhilleus’ responses, hubris (rejecting civilized conventions)o book XIV Agamemnon’s insecurity (again); the call of timē (Odysseus, Diomedes); Poseidon in disguise, irony; foil to Akhilleus’ hubris Hera and Zeus: attempt to distract Zeus, “arming” scene, Hera’s lie (ironic: marital strife), Aphrodite’s magic zonē; Sleep, his fear of Zeus; Zeus’ (humorous?) reaction to Hera; divine marriage, but in context of death; Zeus’ past violence to Hera (book XV)o book XVI Akhilleus’ relents partially; concern for Patroklos but also own timē death of Patroklos: aristeia; death of Sarpedon, Zeus’ tears of blood, Hera warns of god/man asymmetry violation; Sleep and Death take Sarpedon’s corpse; hubris of Patroklos; prophecy  Patroklos kills Zeus’ son, Sarpedon. Zeus makes Patroklos die. Zeus wants to bring Sarpedon back but