CLAS 1000 1st Edition Lecture 22Outline of Last Lecture III. Awkward Adolesense: Mid/Late Archaic (700-500BC)B. Polis! Now what?3. The Athenian Adventure:- Peisistratos’ tyranny- Hippias and Hipparkhos- Isagoras- Democracyo Reorganization of populations (tribes, tryttes, demes)o Government (Assembly, Council, Courts Archons…)Current LectureDemocracy | Strategos (general)- 10 strategos, one for each tribeo Function: organize and lead forces into battle Polemarch (an archon) becomes figurehead; a tie-breaker- Directly elected into the position (as opposed to random selection)o No term limits; can serve multiple and consecutive terms- A target for ambitious politicianso PeriklesDemocracy | Mechanisms- Ostracismso Trouble makers were voted on to be exiles by Athenians Exiles for 10 years Didn’t have to be a criminal, could be unpopular/dislikes/annoyingo Ekklesia determines 6,000 people required to be at the assembly to vote on an exile Names as ostrakon (“pot-shard”) because pieces of broken pot are what the used to turn in their votes.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Weathy people would bring many shards of broken pot, with the name of whom they wanted exiled, and hand them out to illiterate members of society to gain votes.- There were only 12 (last one was in 417BC)- Many problems associated with this system- 5 of the 9 known ostracisms were between 487-482BC- First two were family members of Peisistratos Goal was to prevent tyrant or prominent man from gaining power- Leitorgia (“Public work”) – a public serviceo Wealthy were called upon to donate money to the polis because there was no formal income tax and the polis needed money for activites and construction. Could pass along to wealthier Some men wanted to donate (pride in polis)o Two types of public services to be called-upon One: Religious festivals (especially the tragedy and comedy festivals)- Sponsored poets with food, room/board, clothing, costumes, training- If the poet you sponsored win you get a prise Two: Maintain Trireme (warships)- Donations paid the wages of those working on the shipsDemocracy | Summary- Offers a high level of participation in the poliso Even for the lowest classo Paid people to be on the council; Athenians developed an “empire” and had money to pay people- Checks on abuse/dominance of powerful peopleo Tribal/tryttes system (10 tribes divided into three parts)o Term limitso Random elections- Lessen competition because of random elections; men worked together instead of rivaling each other- Frivolous lawsuits/ proposals - Problems:o Lack of experienceo Lack of leadershipo Lack of consistencyo FragilityIV. The Rise and Fall of AthensPersian Wars | Prelude- Ionian Revolt (499-494BC)- a revolt against Persian masters, looking for Greeks to join in the revolt (most Greeks were scares of Persia)- Sparta refuses to join in revolt: cant afford to send militarymen away for long periods of time- Athenians accept- Greeks don’t quite understand how big the Persian Empire is compared to themo A problem with having a huge empire: organization takes time- Athens burns city of Sardis to the ground (including the temples)o They think that Sardis is all of Persia and that they have finished the revolt, WRONG!- Result of Revolt: burning of Sardis, reduction of Miletus- Themistokles (an archon)- fortifies the port with a wallo Supported merchants, not aristocraticA. Persian Wars | Act 1: Darius- Punitive actions for burning temples in Sardiso Failed diplomacyo Restore Hippias- At Marathon:o Pheidippides’ mission to Sparta: Spartan armies cant leave until their festival is over witho Hippias’ tooth: lands on Marathon and is directing the invasion; tooth falls out in sand and cant find it anywhere so he claims that it is now his lando Split