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UGA CLAS 1000 - Athenian Empire
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CLAS 1000 1st Edition Lecture 26Outline of Last Lecture III. Awkward Adolesense: Mid/Late Archaic (700-500BC)C. Athenian “Empire”D. Peloponnesian WarsCurrent LectureD. Peloponnesian Wars- Strategy: - both sides (Sparta v. Athens) think they can easily wino Perikles- Strategos of Athens- wants to play a defensive war and hold out against the Spartans Lets Spartans have the rural areas Turns Athens into an “island” so as long as Athens has control of the sea they will have a consistent food supply The goal is to frustrate the enemy so they defeat themselveso Spartans realize the strategy of Athens, but still invade every summer and ravage the land Their goal is to score a psychological victory and draw the Athenians out as a result They have partial success at this when Perikles is voted out of office for one year but then voted back in promptly- Perikles’ Funeral Oration (431BC)o A few people died in minor engagements between Athenians and Spartanso Funeral was put on by the polis, not by individual familys- no longer private burialso Perikles gave a speech at a funeral- a eulogy He talked about Athens and all of its greatness, not about the dead He praised the democracy, calling itthe Athenians invention- There were no slaves, only citizens- It was a perfect balance between the individual and the polis He praises the character of Athenians, saying they are deliberate and active and talks about the cultural achievements of Greece and how Athens is the leader/teacher and cultural center of GreeceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Tries to talk up the dead by saying Athens is worth dying for; this is a way to boost the morale for the city- Also, this implies that Sparta is not worth dying for- Plague (430-426BC) – a plague swept through the Mediterannean o With Athens being very crowded, not very sanitary, and very warm it was the perfect breeding ground for the plagueo Thucydides’ description of the plague: Stresses his personal experience Influence of “modern” medicine Talks about the fragility of a civilization- The plague breaks everything down and returns people to their basic animal instincts- Breakdown of institutions- Thucydides already has a negative view of humans, he uses the plague to show this and says the morality breaks downo Perikles dies from the plague in 429BCo “Democratic” – the plague doesn’t care who you are or what class you are in, it includes everyone; a metaphor for democracy- The power vacuum: People rush to fill Perikles’ position after his death, but these peoplearen’t nearly as skilledo Kleon: a radical democrat and very talented speak- Revolt of Mytilene (428-427BC) – on the island of Lesboso Spartans claim they will help with the revolt, Athenians crush the revolto Kleon is all for execution but citizens think this is too harsh and call an emergencymeeting to vote on a different method- Pylos/Sphakteria (425BC)o 420 Spartans are captures on the island of Sphakteria, Athenians have surrounded the island to trap them it a fire breaks out, killing 300 of themo Kleons best moment: Kleon decides to go to island and fight, when the fire randomly breaks out and kills 300 Spartans- this leaves Kleon looking like the great hero- Loss of Amphipolis- An Athenian colony (424-422BC)o The colony is only partially controlled by Athenso Spartan general Brasidas acts on his own, against command of Sparta, and negotiates Amphipolis to join the league with the Spartanso A battle, lead by Kleon, results with the death of Brasidas and Kleono Thucydides is blamed for this loss and exiles He travels around Europe and gains knowledge about historical events and current events to use - Peace of Nikkias (Athenian general) – a peace treaty between Athens and Spartao Both sides are fatigued at this pointo Peace was supposed to last 50 years, but only lasted 7o One problem: the peace treaty didn’t include any other members from the Peloponnesian League- Melos (416BC) – A neutral island in the Aegean Seano Athenians go to Melos and say “join us or die”o “Melian Dialogue” – between Melos and Athens Athens said: we are stronger than you so you have to listen to us Melos said: you will not always be stronger, so you should be nice to uso Athenians attacked and sold the women and children to slavery- Sicilian Invasion (415-413BC) o Sicily was very wealthy and powerful at this timeo Athenians go to Sicily, planning to conquer them and get rich They realize Sicily is not rich afterallo Alkibiades and Nikkias- rivals, both argue in assembly, Alkibiades wins the arguments (to invade Sicily) but on one condition: both he and his rival Nikkias must go as generals on this invasion.o Mutilation of the Herms- the Herms was castrated one morning This was seen as a bad omen for the invasion of Sicily A group of young men were found guilty of making fun of Eleusinian Mysteries- Alkibiades was part of this group, but he had already left on a ship and headed to Sicily- Once he found out that he was on trial, he left and went to Sparta where he told the Spartans how to defeat Athenso Ends in a disaster, a failure at Syracuse that desiccated the Athenian army and navyPart 3:- “Ionian War” or “Dekeleian War” – Spartans stayed in Attika year round instead of coming every summer to attacko Sparta allied with Persia because they had a good navy; Persia agreed to supply gold to Sparta so they could build up there navy, in return Sparta gives Persia Ionia.- Oligarchy at Athens- 411BCo Ekklesia assembles outside of the city- the poor couldn’t leave the city because they didn’t have armour, so they assembled outside so only rich people would come to the meeting. The rich voted democracy out of existenceo The 400 – wealthy prominent people who were in charge The council of 400  the council of 5,000 Reign of terror, confiscation of land Failed diplomacyo Counter government formed by navy at Samos Got rid of current generals and voted new ones Kept democracy Wanted to attack Athens and get it back into the democracy Spartan navy was defeated at Hellespont o Agreement: democracy was returned, a general amnesty, an oath taken to keep democracy The Athenians rejected a Spartan peace offer- Lysander-


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UGA CLAS 1000 - Athenian Empire

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