CLAS 1000 1st Edition Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture III. Awkward Adolescence: Mid/Late Archaic (700-500BC)A. Song Culturea. Three Archaic Poetsi. Preliminary remarks: survivalii. Arkhilohkos (bio, consolation, blame, heroic ethic, venue)iii. Sappho (bio, marriage…)Current LectureSappho (625-600BC)- Marriageo Womens perspective on separation o Mentions the ideal wedding with a reference to Andromahke and Hektor (Trojans)- Lydia: non-Greekso A main power in central Asia minoro Poems show that there is an increased communication between greeks and non-greeks- Love, Individual feelingso External psychology, but internal reactions (fragment 31)o Individual vs. society o Power of Aphrodite Sappho writes a “hymn” calling upon Aphrodite for love advice- Goddess talks to Sappho, amused that she always asks for help People lose control because of loveo Singing for the group- these poems would have been performed in front of younggirls who could relate to the love stories and conflicts- Sappho also composed poetry for the public (eg. Wedding songs)- She held some of the same traditions as Arkhilohkos:o Same attitudes towards love and individualityo Overlap/ similarities in poetic techniqueThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Both make references to Homer- showing how powerful of a poet he wasAlkaios (625-600BC)- Also from the island of Lesbos; came a little bit after Sappho, but they knew each other- His poems were very outwardly focused- Politicso Overthrow of tyrant Myrsilos Aristocracy vs. tyrannyo Betrayal of Pittakos Pittakos broke an oath with Alkaios of working against Myrsilos and to notbetray each other Alkaios hates Pittakos, but e is still considered one of the seven wise men of Greece; he’s not a bad guyo Exile, plotting revenge Homeric past and the present mixing- References bronze helmets which represent Homeric times Alkaios is in exile somewhere in someone’s house Alkaois’ brother is a mercenary in Babylon (very far away)o Nautical imagery- related to politics and the nobles Greeks were very reliant on the sea, especially those on Greek islands (eg.Lesbos) because they relied on trade/resources from inlando Symposium- a private aristocratic drinking party venue in which Alkaios’ poetry would be performed Poetry was used as a political conversation- Used to convince people of his views and to advertise opinions/beliefs Some of his poetry would be silly, about drinking and such to lighten the mood and bring entertainmento Inheriting traditions Hymn to Dioskouroi; compare to Sappho’s hymn Hesiod- one of Alkaios’ fragments is a retelling of Works and Days Arkhilohkos: no shame in losing shield- Fight with Athenians (very far from island of Lesbos)Unit Two: B. Polis…now what?1. Something about Sparta…- Called the “mirage” (def. something that appears to be real but is not so.o Late sources: 100’s of years after this time period authors because writings aboutit, so the authors didn’t have any personal experienceo Biased sourceso Xenophobia- the fear of strangers; Spartans made an image of themselves to present to outsiders that may not have been the same as what they actually wereo Reputation and Romanticization A military city, focused on war and were very good in battle- Organization on PED’so Spartan’s loved organizationso Highly organized society/communityo Wealthy polis a military state Legend of Lykourgos (eunomia – “good law/order”)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycurgus_of_Spartao Alkman vs. Tyrtios: Two Spartan poets Tyrtios- wrote military poetry; stereotypical Spartan Alkman- wrote poems for young girls, religious rituals, symposia- He showed the other, more gentle, side of Sparta: Sparta from the insideo No individual/ societal tension In Sparta, the individual lives for the society and suppressed all their individual needs- Synoicism- a number of small villages combined to create and expands Sparta- Subjugation: Sparta has bad farm land because of their location in the mountains, to they conquered colonies with good lando “Dark” Age: nearby area Helots- people who had no rights, gave their labors to Spartans; slaves Periokoi- “the ones living around;” depends on Sparta but also worked forSpartao Messenia- a nice, fertile land beyond the mountains where Spara was Spartans conquered this land through two ward- The second war was a wake up call to the
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