CLAS 1000 1st EditionLecture 11Outline of Last Lecture Epic Encounters: Early Archaic (800-700BC)A. Homera. Iliadi. Book 24 (…burial of Hektor)ii. Summary of themes and motifsB. Hesiod and Early Archaic Perioda. Epic Genreb. Works and Daysi. Strife and the fraternal quarrelii. Arbitrationiii. JusticeCurrent LectureHesiod: Works and Days- What is justice?o Respect for the gods Religious conventions Zeus as god of conventions and father of Justiceo Respect for others and the community Don’t harm others for personal benefit Good Strifeo Agricultural work Myths explain why humans have to work Ethical and religious dimension- farming is a just thing to do, do it for the gods- Perses doesn’t work: an injustice to the godso Cf. Gold v. Silver race- illustrates justice versus injustice Gold = perfect people, don’t have to work, don’t diet- simply fall asleep, eventually became extinct Silver = extended childhood, don’t respect or worship the gods, quarrel with each other, don’t do agricultural workThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Next comes the Bronze race, then the Iron race- Iron Race = Polis without justice; Hesiod’s raceDark Ages: The Shattered Land- A sharp population decrease due to war, famine and climate change- Power existed in small communities, no wanax (king ruling over everyone)o Basileus- a minor official, a mayoro People were forced to migrate in search of better land- Very little material record of this time, indicating a lower standard of life with less production and trade; poverty.o No large buildings (no more palace centers)o Modest graves; less gold and goods than in Mycenaean graveso Elaborate trade routes from Bronze age were destroyed- Some advances were made- development of steele/iron to replace bronzeo More durable- Regressions in images on pottery- from very intricate to basic geometric designsEmergence- Population increase due to higher crop yield- around 800BCo Climate change, more raino Use of iron for farming tools allowed farmers to work field better- Rise of polis (“City State”) pl.: poleiso Formed through synoecism (“Living Together”): villages moved together to createone larger community for mutual benefits- Better defense system More land and resources, surplus to trade Economic benefit, more laborers Religious rituals, templeso Dominates area and surrounding communities become dependent on it (Athens/Attika)- Political organization began to return:o Basileus becomes aristocracy: a few wealthy families in control of populationo Public assemblies brought community together and allowed leaders to discuss what needed to be done/changed- Economic Organization:o Agora (the marker place)- bartering/trading with people from other poleiso Trade outside of Greece returned, increasing wealtho Specialization of professions, though most people still farmedo- Religious Practice:o Rituals, sacred spaces (“temenos”), large scale templeso Common worships and festivals- Sill highly decentralized and independento Agora vs the command economy from the Bronze Age Less hierarchy and bureaucracy o More awareness of rich and poor in the
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