CLAS 1000 1st Edition Lecture 18Outline of Last Lecture III. Awkward Adolescence: Mid/Late Archaic (700-500BC)B. Polis! Now what?1. Something about Sparta- Development- Organization of Society- Government- Problems- Two Poets: Tyrtaios and AlkmanCurrent LectureAlkman:- Origin dispute: Spartan or Lydian?- Fragment 1: Religious rituals (dawn goddess?)o A chorus of young girls performing the poet Singing about coming of age? Marriage? Victory of war?o Mythical opening (lost) Hubris: god/man asymmetryo Pageantry of ancient Sparta Alkman talked about things that were of interest to young, wealthy girls Concern for beauty (hair) and ornaments- Is this homoerotic? Singing for the community? Comparison of girls and horses: the word for horse mane also meant hair- They sang about things that appealed to the aristocratic audience Hagesikhora (“Leader of the chorus”) and Agido (“Performer”)- These names prove that the poems were performed and passed from generation to generation as a performance ritualSummary of Sparta:- Synoicism: many villages came together to form SpartaThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Problem: geographical situationo Solution: subjugation (Laconian Plane and Messenia)o- Problem: large and distant subject population (Messenia)o Solution: citizen soldier = professional soldier2. The Aristocrats | Polis- Tradeo Greece has limited resources, but an increasing population leading to a need for tradeo The polis had to have a surplus of some good to trade with other poleis to get the goods they neededo Easier to travel via the sea This lead to the establishment of trade networkso Spread of goods and resources Increased wealth in Greece, though still relatively poor in comparison to other regions Luxury items: mainly came from the Easedo Increased contact with non-Greeks (Egyptians, Asia Minor) Exchange of cultural ideas- “Orientalizing” phase in vase painting- Animal fable- Military/Waro Defenses “Acropolis” – high city; a city positioned on a hill Walls were built around the city, making it harder to attack within No siege engines yet (no catapults)o Citizen army Hoplites – heavily armed infantrymen- Mass movements in the form of a phalanx- Tactics and training- Wealthy men only would afford the hoplite armor Cavalry- only the very wealthy could afford to be part of the cavalry Irregulars- the poor people who could not afford hoplite armor, carried equipment and fought verbally or with stones/slingshots instead- Government:o Having only one “king” (basileus) was not enough to control the growing populationo They began having speacialized officials for different sectors: Religious officials Military officials Legislative officials Judicial/Arbitration officialso These officials were the most wealthy people in the society- Internal Problems:o Population growth, colonization was not enougho Social divisions: Aristocrats Subsistence Renters/Hirelings/Slaves Agriculture was the base of the economy, but where did merchants fit into these social divisions?o Strife: Merchants demanded a role in the society, but the aristocrats in charge refused Pooper hoplites could not afford to be a part of the government so they were fighting for the polis but had no voice or political power Dispossessed- Tyrannyo “Extra conventional” Largely archaic age, Greeks realized that tyranny didn’t work and did awaywith it for the most poarto The tyrants were usually disgruntled aristocrats who were not as good at “the
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