Psych 100 1H Focus Questions Chapter 14 pp 525 end Class 30 11 4 2013 1 Describe how the low ball technique the foot in the door technique and the reciprocity norm serve as forces for compliance providing evidence in your response a Low ball commitment then cost i Cialdini et al 1974 asked students to volunteer for a psychology experiment as 7 00am in the morning only 24 complied anther group were not told the time of the experiment and 56 complied and 95 turned for the experiment at 7 00am This clearly shows how low balling is an effective compliance technique and the research has high e v b Foot in the door Small request before big one i Do you have water Do you have lemonade I can do your driveway for a special deal Institutes sense of trust commitment compassion ii c Reciprocity norm i People feel obliged to return favors 1 Having received a gift person hard to turn away 2 Using foot in door reciprocity cancels out 2 Describe Milgram s classic obedience to conformity experiment briefly discussing each factor that contributed to obedience What are some critiques of the experiment a Milgram b Factors in obedience i Electric shocks with psychologist next to you i Legitimate Authorities ii Self assurance and acceptance of responsibility iii Proximity of experimenter and distance of learner iv Absence of alternative model of how to behave v Incremental nature of request c Critiques i Ethics 1 Psychologically disturbed 2 Milgram tried to keep harm out by debrief and intro to learner ii Generalizability to RL Crimes 1 Artificial conditions of lab 2 Not allowed to hurt person 3 No opportunity to reflect 4 3 What are social dilemmas and how does the tragedy of the commons illustrate the importance of the social dilemma to human survival Social dilemmas particular course of action or inaction will benefit the individual but harm the others in the group and cause more harm than good to everyone if everyone takes that course a Tragedy of the commons i All constantly involved in social dilemmas 1 Pollution Littering etc ii Illustrates contributing rather than mindset of everyone else to free ride 4 How are social dilemmas exemplified in the prisoner s dilemma game and what does this game show about reciprocity and cooperation What conditions promote cooperation Prisoner s dilemma game historical origin of hypothetical dilemma of two prisoners a Reciprocity and cooperation i Social dilemma comes from cooperating ii Reciprocity 1 highest individual payoff comes from defecting but total payoff 1 Logic changes cooperation becomes a reasonable choice in LR b Conditions i Accountability 1 TFT works because accountable for actions ii Reputation iii Reciprocity 1 Reputation for cooperation 5 What did the late Penn State professors Sherif Sherif demonstrate about groups at Robbers Cave What were the strategies he used to resolve conflict Include the term superordinate goals in your response a Sherif 1954 i Two groups eagles and rattlers 1 Assigned separate tasks to each a Within days they established characteristics of distinct social group 2 Suggested competitions a Three changes in relationships among boys within and between groups i Within groups solidarity 1 Set aside internal and loyalty to own group stronger ii Negative stereotyping of other group 1 See others in negative ways iii Hostile between group interaction 1 Initial good sportsmanship collapsed 3 Resolving conflict a Superordinate goals desired by both groups and could be achieved best through cooperation between the groups 6 How do emotions keep us together and ensure we act in socially appropriate ways Include the term self conscious emotions in your response Self conscious emotions Guilt shame embarrassment and pride linked to thoughts of ones own self or actions a Guilt Relationship Repair b Shame Social withdrawal i Most guilt stories involve apology at the end i Flaw in ourselves Deeply felt pain difficult for students to tell ii Hide from negative judgment c Embarrassment Rectifier of Awks Situations i Trivial or humorous incidents Inadvertent violation of a social norm ii iii People are more attracted to people who manifest embarassment Involves strangers who are not predictable d Pride Index of Social Acceptability i Do everything right experience pride ii Direct opposite of shame iii Shown too often or in wrong context perceived as arrogance
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