COMM 415 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I Gesture Movement Posture Outline of Current Lecture I Encoding a why do we gesture b speech and gesture c illustrators and conditions d gesture aids performance i gestures and recall ii grounding thoughts in action iii gesture and word retrieval iv gesture and computational task II Decoding Gestures Current Lecture VII Encoding A why do we use gesture a when communication is difficult or impossible b to substitute for speech when speech might be regarded as too explicit or delicate c when the spoken utterance itself is not complete d to add an additional component to the utterance that is not represented by the words to be redundant B speech and gesture e body movements tend to bunch up at the beginning of phonetic clauses gestures go with spoken words concurrently f there are fewer body movements during fluent phonetic clauses g there are more body movements during dysfluent clauses h body movements bunch up at the beginning of clauses 1 leads scientists to believe that our brain plans our words and body motions at the same time i gestures that occur at the beginning of clauses often carry information about the word choices talk word gestures come out together C illustrators and conditions 1 most commonly used in face to face situations increase a subjects describes drawing of an image face to face or over the telephone b not completely absent in non face to face communication c illustrators still gestured when person cannot see them d idea that gesture helps the encoder become more fluent in their speech 2 complicated increase 3 familiarity decrease D gesture aids performance 1 gesture and recall a 6 7 year old children b pirate game c interviewed 14 17 days later d some allowed gesture some instructed to gesture use your hands and body e some could not gesture memory apron with pockets restricting children from gesture f children instructed to gesture provided more correction information than other two conditions g no gesture least information h gesture reduces mental processing demands offloading i offloading allows for more allocation retrieval 2 grounding thoughts in action a tower of Hanoi task b then describe how they solved the problem c researchers switched smallest disk so that it was to heavy to lift with one hand making it necessary to use two hands d task performed again e the more the switch group s gestures depicted moving the smallest disk one handed the worse they performed f when the gesture is no longer compatible with the action constraints of a task problem solving suffers 3 gesture and word retrieval a degraded images airplane microwave b while viewing them subjects make gestures that are congruent with the image flat hand with airplane c the wrong gesture screws us up more than no gesture at all 4 gesture and computational task performance a children age 7 10 viewed video taped math lessons b speech only c speech gesture sweeping motion from one side of the problem to the other d performance best in speech gesture condition VIII Decoding Gestures A emblems very well shared agreement between encoders and decoders B illustrators degree to which there is shared meaning is unclear the more iconic they are the easier they are to understand C adaptors the most difficult to decode interpretation is probably idiosyncratic
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