COMM 415 18th Lecture Lecture 18Outline of Last Lecture I. Emotion Outline of Current Lecture INTIMACYII. EncodingIII. DecodingIV. InteractiveCurrent Lecture(18)Monday, January 14, yINTIMACYI. EncodingA. nonverbal signals of love1. 60 dating couples2. discussions: first date, plans for tomorrow, area of conflict, etc,3. self-reports of love correlated with:• increased affirmative head nods• Duchenne smiles• forward lean• hand gestures B. nonverbal behavior & relationship states1. 20 distressed and 20 non distressed married couples 2. conflict resolution task3. then half were instructed to act happy and content (fake good) and half to act un-happy and distressed (fake bad) 4. verbal and nonverbal behaviors were recorded • compromise• problem description• agreement• approvalThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• excuse• criticize5. both distressed and non distressed couples altered their behavior in response to the instructions to fake good and fake bad 6. there were NO DIFFERENCES in couples nonverbal behaviors in the fake good or fake bad conditions 7. couples can fake happiness or distress verbal, but their nonverbal behaviors reveal the true state of their relationship C. gaze1. couples who score high on romantic love scales exhibit a lot of mutual gaze 2. need for affiliation is positively correlated with mutual gaze3. better adjusted married couples exhibit more mutual gaze than distressed couples 4. heterosexual participants look at photos of men and women5. remote eye-tracking recording system6. all participants initially attracted to the face of opposite sex models (esp. women)7. women shift attention to legs8. men shift attention to the chest D. speech rate1. fewer and shorter pauses 2. faster speech rate3. matching partner’s vocal cues E. pitch1. place a call to a close same-sex friend and a romantic partner2. pose two questions: “how are you?” “what are you doing?”3. men raised pitch when talking to a romantic partner vs. a friend4. women lowered pitch when talking to a romantic partner vs. a friend5. make phone calls to attractive and unattractive targets6. showed them photos in advance of making the calls7. no answer, so callers left a standard message on their voicemail8. M and F callers spoke in lower pitch when calling attractive targets F. gesture1. in positive, friendly interactions, people exhibit more object focused gestures and fewer body focus gestures 2. we also use more illustrators when interacting with friendly others 3. greater postural mimicry G. posture1. more forward lean2. direct shoulder/body orientationH. romantic display rules1. male subject watched three videos2. horror film, infants and a neutral film3. thought they were bing observed by an attractive or unattractive F research assistant 4. attractive observer—>frowned less while watching the horror film5. attractive observer—>smiled more while watching the infant film6. impression management via facial expressionI. facial expression (smiles)1. not a very reliable sign of intimacy or involvement 2. some people smile in more negative situations than in positive ones (phony smiles)J. space1. intimate space 0-18 inches2. coupled with direct body orientationK. touch1. more touch2. greater body accessibility II. DecodingA. behaviors1. speakers were rated in socially desirable traits2. which behaviors were associated with judgements of social desirability?• head nods• short back channels• longer smile duration• more frequent filled pauses• longer gaze duration B. touch 1. touch to face=most affection, attraction & love 2. touch to waist and forearm show high romantic attraction C. relationship closeness1. close friends are better decoders of each others nonverbal than strangers are2. close friends performed worse than acquaintances at decoding partners negative af-fect when partners attempted to disguise there negative emotion 3. close friends performed worse than strangers in this condition 4. motivated inaccuracy model: when a relationship partner has thoughts or feelings that could prove to be distressing to the perceiver and are not clearly expressed, we choose to “look the other way”III. InteractiveA. motor mimicry1. role taking (get so involved in observation we move with subject)2. empathy (“)3. communication4. nonconcious mimicry creates affiliation and affiliation can create nonconcious mimicry 5. this played an important part in human evolution6. important for group members to feel a sense of psychological con-nection with each other 7. individuals with a tendency to mimic others establish this sense of connection and would therefore continue to be included in the group B. developmental interactive phenomena1. mothers and infants synchronize facial expressions, gross body movements, and vocalizations2. more synchrony in full term vs. pre-term infants, and more in 5 month vs. 3 month olds 3. found that 3-6 year old children converge to the speech rate and the response latency of an adult who interacted with them4. this reciprocity is associated with attraction toward partner5. interaction processes are regulated in adults, children and young infants and disturbance of their regulations causes