COMM 415 1st Editioin Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. TouchOutline of Current Lecture II. DecodingIII. InteractiveIV.Relational Development Current LectureVI. DecodingA. the effects of touch on others1. in the right setting, it can make people feel positive about the toucher2. it can help the recipient self-disclose and talk about themselves 3. people comply with requests more when lightly touched B. purchasing & spending1. cocktail waitresses touched near shoulder of patron for 3-4 seconds2. people who were touched ordered more drinks during their stay3. servers touch patrons on shoulder4. people who were touched left larger tipsC. touch and psychological well-being1. dating couples2. electronic diary 4x/day for one week on their touch3. touched from partner—>better mood in decoder 4. touch—>better mode in encoder 5. receiving touch during 1 week—> better psychological well-being 6 months later D. mirror neurons for touch?1. confederate touch the hand of participants2. participants watch the confederate touch her own hand3. measured activity in brain- magnetoencephalography4. same part of brain is activated when being touched or observing others being touched ***as if we were doing it ourselves-parallel activation***E. perceptions of touchers1. a person who initiates touch is seen as having:• the status that gives permission to touchThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• the courage an initiative to exercise that status• a warm personality F. impressions of people who touch1. librarians touched/didn’t touch patrons checking out books 2. palm fo hand3. approached to fill out survey 4. subjects who were touched rated the clerk more favorably than those who were nto touched 5. only 57% of touched subjects noticed the touch itself ***touch is a primitive behavior-subconcious***G. positive evaluation of touchers1. teachers verbally described to students how to take their pulse2. OR actually showed them by touching their wrist3. cover story: heart rate important factor in learning 4. watch video of same teacher giving lecture5. students touched by the teacher in the video gave her higher ratings than those in the no touch condition on the scale H. perceptions of touch from family members1. survey 204 adults 2. rate appropriateness of different parent-child touches3. very clear norms emerged 4. higher approval for mother vs. father for lap sitting, kiss and bathing5. mothers are judged to have more freedom to touch their kids***greater latitude/freedom for mothers with touch versus that of the father******people are more comfortable with mother’s touching children versus the father***VII. InteractiveA. variation in reactions to touch is best explained by the degree of congruence between the intimacy of the touch and the intimacy of the relationship B. decreased arousalC. growth and development1. brain development & weight gain (handled a lot)D. pain reduction1. gate theory: touch can reduce pain E. attentiveness1. autistic children would perform better after receiving a massage F. improved mood1. adolescent psychiatric patients responded positively to touchG. touch and maternal depression1. during 5 minute play period, depressed mothers touch their infants in a more controlling restraining way2. infants of depressed mothers engage in more self-touching3. infants self-touching is a self-comforting behavior to compensate for lack of positive touch from mother***self-adaptors***VIII. Touch & Relational DevelopmentA. encoding1. 154 opposite sex couples waiting in line at a movie theater or zoo2. touch recorded on body charts3. couples then approached to fill out survey4. hand to hand touch: 33% initial stage/66% intermediate stage/35% stable 5. touch to waist: 8% initial stage/20% intermediate/3% stable 6. tie signs-so that everyone knows you’re in a relationship ***engaging in touch behavior to claim