COMM 415 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. SpaceOutline of Current Lecture II. IntroductionIII. Facial EmotionsIV. The Facial Feedback HypothesisV. The Animal Speciesa. homologous facial expressionsb. primate facial encoding/decodingc. domestic dog facial decodingVI. Infantsa. encodingb. decodingVII. AdultsVIII. Cross-CulturalCurrent Lecture(12)Thursday, March 5, yFACIAL EXPRESSIONI. IntroductionA. the human face1. major function: convey emotion2. attitudes toward other people and objects3. some facial expressions are emblematicB. facial “sign vehicles” (Ekman)1. STATIC: remain constantThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. SLOW: reliably change with age (wrinkles/facial lines)3. RAPID: change in a matter of seconds (most nonverbal communication studied)4. ARTIFICIAL: cosmetics or facial treatments used to enhance beauty or combat age (face lift)C. slow sign vehicles predict mortality1. photographs taken of 292 people, 82-84 y/o2. university students rated the apparent age of the person3. rated age spanned 63-85 y/o4. 108 of the 292 participants died in the following 6 years5. the hazard of dying was predicted by how old the person was judged to be in the photo6. 8% greater mortality hazard per year of rated age***quality of life you live shows in your face***D. organization of facial muscles1. eyes/brows2. nose/cheek3. mouthII. Facial EmotionsA. 6 primary facial expressions of emotion1. happiness/joy2. sadness3. anger4. surprise5. disgust6. fearB. a universal pride expression?1. happy face (smile)2. head tilted back3. chest out4. hands on hips or raised in air5. children as young as 4 can identify pride6. isolated African tribal culture can identify7. might function to mark/maintain statusC. The Facial Feedback Hypothesis1. James (peripheralist) muscle activity —> emotion2. Cannon (centralist) cognitive appraisal —> emotion3. FFH-peripheralist4. people were happier when they were in smile expression and angrier when they werein a frown positionD. further evidence of facial feedback1. lower eyebrows—> mood becomes more negative2. raised eyebrows—> more surprised by facts 3. wrinkled nose—> rate odors as more unpleasant***movement of one of the facial muscles changes mood perception***E. even more evidence1. sun-induced frowning=same facial muscle activation as in the expression of anger2. survey people walking into the sun with or without sunglasses3. people without sunglasses scored higher on measure of anger and aggression III. The Animal SpeciesA. homologous facial expressions1. similarity in behavior because of a shared genetic origin 2. grimace=fear3. tense-mouth display=anger 4. play face=happiness/joy B. primate facial encoding/decoding1. “executive monkey” study• monkey in restraining chair• light goes off, 6 sec later they would receive an electrical shock • prevent sick with lever press within 6 sec • lever was taken away from “stimulus” monkey and give to “responder” monkey (yolked-connected) • responder monkey also hooked up• responder monkey could only see face of stimulus monkey on TV• responder monkey prevented shocks at a rate of 92% by just watching face of stimulus monkey***animals can communicate with facial expression***C. domestic dog facial decoding1. sausage, garlic or wood shavings hidden in a box2. human looked in box with happy, disgust or neutral facial expression3. dogs used the experimenters happy facial expression to locate the hidden food-went to box associated with happy face vs. disgust face 55% of the time***animals have the ability to decode human facial
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