COMM 415 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture I. TouchOutline of Current Lecture II. The Turn Taking SystemIII. Turn Yielding CuesIV. Turn Holding CuesV. Turn Requesting CuesVI. Backchannel CommunicationVII. InterruptionsCurrent LectureREGULATIONI. The Turn Taking SystemA. 50% of all turns that occur in conversation are smoothB. a “smooth turn transition” occurs when the floor switches from person A to person B without a perceptible pauseC. these turns transitions occur in less than 250 msD. speaker behaviors1. turn yielding cues2. turn holding cuesE. listener behaviors1. backchannel communication2. turn requesting cuesF. simultaneous turns vs. simultaneous talk1. simultaneous turns: when both participants claim the speaking turn at the same time2. simultaneous talk: both speakers are making utterances at the same time3. simultaneous turns occur when:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• the listener attempts to take a turn in the absence of a turn yielding cue or • the speaker emits a turn yielding cue but continues to talkII. Turn Yielding CuesA. change in intonation (drop or rise)B. sociocentric sequence (unique to a particular society)C. drawlD. termination of gesturesE. drop in loudnessF. completing of grammatical clause III. Turn Holding CuesA. maintenance of active gazeB. gaze initiation without a yielding cueC. gesture IV. Turn Requesting CuesA. backchannels (rushing someone along)B. speaker directed gaze C. audible inhalationD. forward leanE. gestureF. a stutter startV. Backchannel CommunicationA. listeners participate in conversation via backchannels1. brief gestures2. vocalizations3. head nodsB. backchannel elicited in the “gaze window”C. backchannels do not constitute a turn or claim to a turnD. backchannels are used to AVOID taking the floorE. backchannels are also elicited by:1. sentence completions2. requests for clarification3. restatement VI. InterruptionsA. definition1. to take the floor in the absence of turn yielding cues2. different from simultaneous speech3. attempted vs. successful interruptions (loudest)B. responses to interruptions1. people attempt to maintain the floor after an attempted interruption by increasing loudness 2. success depends upon giving out the lowest number of turn yielding cues andthe most turn requesting cues 3. interruptions are commonly followed by interruptions C. sex differences1. men do not interrupt any more than women do2. women do not get interrupted any more than men3. there were more opposite sex interruptions, both M—>F and F—>M, than same sex 4. women smiled, agreed, nodded, and laughed more in response to interruptionthan men5. this shows evidence of a greater attempt to facilitate the flow of conversation ***women are much more agreeable to interruption nonverbally than men are******women are more cooperative communicators***D. status perceptions1. people who interrupt are perceived as having higher status than people who are interrupted2. people who get interrupted rated themselves as less influential in the conversation3. interrupters especially female are perceived as less likable 4. dilemma: interrupting produces perceptions of higher status but lower likabilityE. types of interruptions 1. deep/intrusive interruptions• aggressive• topic-changing• floor-taking• disagreement2. supportive interruptions • people interrupt to express agreement with the speaker3. disagreeing interruptions were viewed
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