Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture1) Distinguish between haploid and diploid cells, and define homologous chromosomes.2) Explain the significance of Crossing Over (synapsis), and the consequences 3) Explain the significance of meiosis, and diagram the process.4) Contrast mitosis and meiosis, emphasizing the different outcomes.5) Explain how non-disjunction in meiosis is responsible for chromosome aneuploidies such as Down syndrome.Outline of Current Lecture1. Define the terms phenotype, genotype, locus, allele, dominant allele, recessive allele, homozygous, and heterozygous.2. Describe Mendel’s Laws (principles) of segregation and independent assortment.3. Solve genetics problems involving monohybrid, dihybrid, (trihybrid) and test crosses.I. TermsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 101 1st Edition- Phenotype – The physical appearance given by a specific gene.- Genotype – A genetic quality given by a dominant or recessive allele that isn’tphysically apparent.- Locus- The Locus is the location of a specific gene.- Allele- A singular gene. IE P in PP is an allele.- Dominant Allele- An allele with a high chance of being passed on.- Recessive Allele- An allele that has less chance of being passed on.- Homozygous- A pair of same alleles, such as FF or ff.- Heterozygous- A pair of different alleles, such as Ww.II. Mendel’s Principles- Traits are passed down by what we now know are alleles onto the next generation.- Each offspring inherits at least one of these traits from their parents.- The trait may not show up, but the offspring could be a carrier.III. Hybrids & Test Crosses- Basically, know how to work your average punnett square. The different typesof hybrids are by how many alleles are being crossed. Here is a punnett squareexample:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 101 1st
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