Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture1) Explain the general classes of enzymes, the induced fit model of enzyme action, and how an enzyme lowers the required energy of activation for a reaction.2) Describe the overall reaction for an enzymatic reaction E + S --> E-S --> P + E . What is equilibrium, andmetabolic disequilibrium? 3) Describe specific ways enzymes are regulated: competitive inhibition, non-competitive inhibition, andallosteric regulation. List specific examples of drugs that act by inhibiting enzyme function.Outline of Current Lecture1) Define energy, emphasizing how it is related to work and to heat.2) Distinguish between exergonic and endergonic reactions.3) Explain how the chemical structure of ATP allows it to transfer a phosphate group. How is ATP hydrolysis used to make an endergonic reaction spontaneous? What is a phosphorylated intermediate?I. EnergyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 101 1st Edition- Heat is created through movement, which requires energy. Work is the rate at which you expend energy. Energy is the ability to do work. These relate like this: You need energy to move. The rate you expend energy is how much you are working, and through this movement you are generating heat.II. Exergonic & Endergonic Reactions- Exergonic Reactions – Exergonic reactions release energy. They do this to break bonds and do not require energy to occur.- Endergonic Reactions – Endergonic Reactions absorb energy to form bonds. They only occur is energy is available to be used in the reaction.III. ATP Chemical Structure- ATP can transfer phosphate groups through ATP hydrolysis. Chemical energy is stored and transported in the high energy bonds in ATP. The ATP hydrolysis sets off high energy that the endergonic reaction absorbs and uses to form bonds.- Phosphorylated intermediate is the point in-between phosphoric reactions that couples exergonic and endergonic reactions. The intermediate is more reactivethan an original unphosphorlated molecule/These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 101 1st
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