Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture1) Identify the stages in the eukaryotic cell cycle and describe their principal events. 2) Describe the structure of a duplicated chromosome, including the sister chromatids, centromeres, and kinetochores.3) Describe how the Mitotic Spindle is organized, including the functions of the kinetochore and Non-Kinetochore microtubules4) Explain the significance of mitosis, and describe the stages.Outline of Current Lecture1) Describe the ways in which the cycle is controlled by the cell cycle control genes Cdk and cyclin.2) Describe how a normal cell can be transformed into a cancer cell. What is metastasis, and what is angiogenesis? 3) Explain the 4 unusual features of cancer cells, and three general categories of drug therapy for cancer. I. Cell Cycle RegulationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 101 1st Edition- Cdk is a key regulator in the cell cycle. When it’s active, it phosphorylates proteins that lead up to the M phase. However it can’t act on its own, it needs to be activated by cyclin, which occurs during G2 of interphase. These creates a complex known as MPF, maturing promoting factor.- The MPF can also inhibit the cell cycle by introducing inhibitory phosphorylations, which phosphorylate things in a manner to deter the cell cycle from going into the M phase. II. Cancer Cells- A cell becomes cancerous if it is constantly undergoing mitosis. Cancer is after a disease of mitosis.- Metastasis is when tumerous cells break away and grow throughout the body via the transport of lymph vessels.- Angiogenisis is when the blood vessels grow towards a cancerous tumor that sends signals for more nutrients. If the blood vessels reach it, the cancerous cells are spread throughout the body.III. Cancer Features & Treatment- The four unusual features for cancer are: they are immortal, they have an unusual # of chromosomes or mutations, they have abnormal cell surfaces, and they ignore the fact that theres no room to divide and they divide anyway.- There are 3 general medicines to stop cancer cell growth: Chemo drugs halt DNA replication, Chemo drugs can also inhibit spindle fibers, and Angiogenesis inhibitors can prevent new blood vessel growth.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 101 1st
View Full Document
Unlocking...