Lecture 17Outline of Last Lecture1. Describe three stages of intercellular cell signaling, giving one or two ‘real life’ examples of each step.2. Explain the structure and function of a G-protein linked receptor. What is a ligand and where does it interact with the GPLR? 3. What is cAMP and why is it called a Second Messenger?4. What are protein kinases, and what do they have to do with signal transduction?5. Describe how phosphorylation cascades are used to relay signals to the inside of cells.Outline of Current Lecture1. What are Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, and how do they normally function? 2. In general terms, Compare and contrast the two main mechanisms for signaling in cells: cAMP/protein kinase and calcium/IP3I. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases- Receptor tyrosine kinases are special integral membrane proteins that are used tosense extracellular signals. When a signal, such as a hormone, attaches to the receptor on the outside of the cell, the receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylates itself with nearby ATP, which activates inactive relay proteins, which trigger the cellular response.II. Cell Signaling MechanismsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 101 1st Edition- To compare and contrast the 2 mechanisms of cell signaling, the biggest difference is how phosphorylation is used. They both start with a special integral protein being bonded to a receiver, but then this is where the same process splits. The IP3 process phosphorylates itself here, and the Protein Kinases send the phosphorylation down a long chain.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 101 1st
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