Lecture # 1Outline of Current LectureI. What you should Be Able to do at the End of this ChapterII. Quick Summary of What You Need to KnowIII. What Properties Define LifeIV. Life’s Defining PropertiesV. Life’s Three DomainsVI. Biological OrganizationVII. Diversity and Unity of LifeVIII. Unifying Theme of Biology: EvolutionIX. Science: A Way of Looking at the WorldX. Major Themes of BiologyCurrent LectureI. What You Should be Able to do at the End of this Chapter:1. List characteristics that distinguish living organisms from non-living objects2. List the levels of chemical / biological organization from simple to complex, and list a structure found at each level3. Explain the basic 'steps' of the scientific process 4. Explain the use of the word 'theory' in the scientific process 5. Explain the major themes of biologyII. Quick Summary of What You Need to Know:- Characteristics that distinguish living organisms from non-living organisms are vital signs,(Cellular Organization, Heredity, Growth and Development, Reproduction, and Response to the Environment)- Biological Organization of Species: Molecules → Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere (Know a structure in each)- Hypothesis → Predictions → Testing → (Revise Hypothesis OR Hypothesis is correct and tested and becomes a theory)- Theory: A widely accepted scientific hypothesis backed by numerous tests and collected data- Major Themes of Biology listed belowIII. What Properties Define Life?There are 5 properties that define life, and three domains life is categorized into. The five properties are Cellular Organization, Heredity, Growth and Development, Reproduction, These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 101 1st EditionLecture # 1and Response to environment. The three domains are Domain Bacteria, Domain Eukarya, and Domain Archaea. IV. Life’s Defining Properties1. Cellular Organization – How cells come together and how they react with one another.2. Heredity – The passing of traits down a genetic line.3. Growth and Development – How an organism grows and changes.4. Reproduction – How an organism makes more of itself.5. Response to the Environment. - Behavior (mammals running from danger, trees taking in water through their roots), homeostasis (maintaining internal equilibrium), and evolutionary adaptation.V. Life’s Three Domains:Domain Bacteria – Simple one celled organisms that lack organelles, Prokaryotic bacteria cells, most abundant life on the planet.Domain Eukarya – Eukaryotes, all organisms within this domain have a nucleus and organelles. (Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia)Domain Archaea – Prokaryotes, all organisms within this domain do NOT have a nucleus.VI. Biological OrganizationThere are levels of organization in Biology that range from the largest form, the Biosphere, to the building blocks of life, molecules. The biological organization of speciesfrom simple to complex specifically goes:Molecules: Carbon, Oxygen, etc.Organelles: ChloroplastsCells: Eukaryotic Cells (nucleus, organelles) Tissues: EpidermisOrgans: LeavesOrganism: TreePopulation: Oak TreesCommunity: Trees, Bushes, and ShrubsEcosystem: Trees, Bushes, Shrubs, Bears, Fish, and the environmentBiosphere: All life on EarthThere is more to Biological Organization than just the dividing levels. Each level of organization has its own traits and properties that make everything work. For example, a These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 101 1st EditionLecture # 1tree’s leaves (organs) point upwards at the sun to collect rainwater and sunlight to aid the process of Photo Synthesis in its cells. In this way, it is specialized for its function.VII. Diversity and the Unity of LifeThere are hundreds of millions of species on Earth. We all however show signsof unity. Such examples are being based on the cell, using DNA and RNA genetic code, sharing similar metabolic pathways and enzymes, and sharing similar cell structures. According to the theory of evolution, we all had to come from one origin of life, and this unity between all life-forms supports that concept. For example, the cilia of both Paramecium and the cilia of a human windpipe are identical in structure.VIII. The Unifying Theme of Biology: EvolutionEvolution (descent with modification) is Charles Darwin’s theory that states through natural selection, we all evolved from one species of organism. This theory accountsfor life’s unity and diversity. Going back to the cilia example, this is the most probable and scientific explanation to deduct why two very different organisms have identical cellular structures. Here is the path of Charles Darwin’s thought of how natural selection caused this diversity and unity. You have a populous of organisms, but in very different parts of the world. Environment, plus limited resources and hereditary variations, caused eventual differences in reproductive success over billions of years. Those best suited to their environment survived and reproduced more effectively, having been spawned by certain conditions. This is the basic theory of evolution. IX. Science: A Way of Looking at the WorldHypothesis based science is the ongoing cycle of creating a hypothesis, making predictions about the hypothesis, collecting data, and either it being revised to fit the predictions, or it being well tested and accepted enough to become a scientific theory. A theory is only a theory, however. It is not a proven fact, it is only an idea backed by the results of many tested experiments and data collected from these experiments. Science doesnot prove anything, it just gives answers via our collected data and predictions. There is still a vast amount we don’t know, and science is an ever expanding database of knowledge. X. Major Themes of BiologyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BIOL 101 1st EditionLecture # 1This is a list of the major themes of biology you will need to be able to explain.The Cell: The cell is the basic and smallest form of life. Every organism is made up by cells or is a cell