EEG BiofeedbackClient: Dan Mueller, Ph.D. Medicine (Rheumatology) Institute on aging, Mind-body Center Advisor: Professor Willis Tompkins, Ph.D. Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of WisconsinSlide 3OverviewProblem StatementWhat is MeditationBenefits of MeditationPhysiological Response to MeditationBrain Wave FrequenciesProduct RequirementsCompetitionSlide 12Project FlowchartSlide 14Electrode Design Active ElectrodesElectrode ComparisonCircuit Flow DiagramBio-AmplifierBio-Amplifier AmplificationBio-Amplifier FilteringSlide 21Slide 22Future WorkQuestions?ReferencesElectrode PlacementEEG Biofeedback EEG Biofeedback Team:Team:Cullen Rotroff, Andrew Eley, Cullen Rotroff, Andrew Eley, Prakash Rao, Joseph HippensteelPrakash Rao, Joseph HippensteelBME 400BME 400October 27th, 2006October 27th, 2006Client:Client:Dan Mueller, Ph.D.Dan Mueller, Ph.D.Medicine (Rheumatology) Medicine (Rheumatology) Institute on aging, Mind-body CenterInstitute on aging, Mind-body CenterAdvisor:Advisor: Professor Willis Tompkins, Ph.D. Professor Willis Tompkins, Ph.D.Dept. of Biomedical EngineeringDept. of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of WisconsinUniversity of WisconsinOverviewOverview•Problem StatementProblem Statement•BackgroundBackground•Design ConstraintsDesign Constraints•Proposed DesignsProposed Designs•Future WorkFuture Work•QuestionsQuestionsProblem StatementProblem StatementTo Design and build an inexpensive, portableTo Design and build an inexpensive, portableelectroencephalogram (EEG - brain waveelectroencephalogram (EEG - brain wavemonitor) that teaches meditation monitor) that teaches meditation practitioners practitioners to achieve optimal meditation by indicatingto achieve optimal meditation by indicatingthe presence of EEG alpha and theta waves.the presence of EEG alpha and theta waves.This shall be achieved through a relativelyThis shall be achieved through a relativelyinexpensive, minimally distracting, andinexpensive, minimally distracting, andpotentially portable device intended forpotentially portable device intended forcommercial use.commercial use.What is MeditationWhat is Meditation•In pop culture/alternative In pop culture/alternative medicine, meditation is a medicine, meditation is a technique for achieving technique for achieving “inner peace”.“inner peace”.•Allows access to a Allows access to a naturally-occurring rest naturally-occurring rest state.state.•Different from sleep, in Different from sleep, in that rest via mediation is that rest via mediation is much deeper and much deeper and happens more quickly.happens more quickly.Benefits of MeditationBenefits of Meditation• Spiritual Enrichment• Facilitates Creative Awareness• Psychological Benefits• Increased Patience• Heightened Sensation• Reduced Stress (Kabat et al. 2001)• Improved Stress Recovery• Increased Response Time• Decreases Recovery Time from IllnessPhysiological Response to Physiological Response to MeditationMeditation•Decreased metabolic rateDecreased metabolic rate•Decrease oxygen consumption (up to 20% Decrease oxygen consumption (up to 20% below normal level)below normal level)•Lowered heart rateLowered heart rate•2 less breaths per minute on average2 less breaths per minute on average•Decreased levels of lactate (linked to anxiety Decreased levels of lactate (linked to anxiety symptoms), cortisol, and epinephrinesymptoms), cortisol, and epinephrine•Raise skin resistanceRaise skin resistance•Increased blood flowIncreased blood flow•Presence of Alpha (8-13 Hz) and Theta Presence of Alpha (8-13 Hz) and Theta waves (4-7 Hz).waves (4-7 Hz).Brain-Wave Brain-Wave Frequency Frequency State of State of Consciousness Consciousness Brain Wave Sample Brain Wave Sample BETA: above 13 BETA: above 13 HzHzFully-Awake, Alert, Fully-Awake, Alert, Excitement, Tension Excitement, Tension ALPHA: 8 to 13 ALPHA: 8 to 13 HzHzDeeply-Relaxed, Deeply-Relaxed, Passive-Awareness, Passive-Awareness, Composed Composed THETA: 4 to 7 HzTHETA: 4 to 7 HzDrowsiness, Drowsiness, Unconscious, Deep-Unconscious, Deep-Tranquility. Tranquility. Optimal Optimal Meditative StateMeditative StateDELTA: Below 4 DELTA: Below 4 HzHzSleep, Unaware, Sleep, Unaware, Deep-Deep-Unconsciousness Unconsciousness Brain Wave Frequencies Brain Wave FrequenciesProduct RequirementsProduct Requirements•Small in size, simple in design (like Small in size, simple in design (like an iPod)an iPod)•PortablePortable•Low cost (~ $100 - $200)Low cost (~ $100 - $200)•Provide Provide auditoryauditory feedback that feedback that won’t disrupt meditative statewon’t disrupt meditative state•Long-term: MarketableLong-term: MarketableCompetitionCompetition•Computer automated EEG biofeedback Computer automated EEG biofeedback •Expensive (range from $1,200 - $6,000+) Expensive (range from $1,200 - $6,000+) •Non-portable systemsNon-portable systems•Superfluous detection abilitiesSuperfluous detection abilities•GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) biofeedbackbiofeedback•Conductivity of skin to indicates stress levelConductivity of skin to indicates stress level•Prices average ~$100.00Prices average ~$100.00•Less reliable than EEGLess reliable than EEG biofeedbackbiofeedbackhttp://www.sciencekit.com/category.asp_Q_c_E_737808CompetitionCompetition•AUTOGENIC AT62 PORTABLE AUTOGENIC AT62 PORTABLE EEGEEG•Alpha and theta filterAlpha and theta filter•Dual audio feedback modesDual audio feedback modes•Signal proportional Pitch changeSignal proportional Pitch change•On/off threshold verificationOn/off threshold verification•Visual ‘Lightbar’ display varies Visual ‘Lightbar’ display varies with brainwave statewith brainwave state•Real Time EEG displayReal Time EEG display•$1,550.00$1,550.00Project FlowchartProject FlowchartElectrodesPre-Amplifier(Active Electrodes)Bio-Amplifier(Main Stage)Bio-Amplifier(Ө and α Filtering)Voltage Controlled OscillatorBiofeedback(Headphones){Primary Focus{FutureWork•Traditional EEG electrodesTraditional EEG electrodes•Ag/AgCl StandardAg/AgCl Standard•Also available:Also available:• Tin, Silver, GoldTin, Silver, Gold•No amplificationNo amplification•Requires low impedance Requires low impedance skin contact (Electrolyte gel)skin contact (Electrolyte gel)•Easy to cleanEasy to clean•Price: ~$6 per unit Price: ~$6 per unit
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