BBMMEE 220000//330000 ((BBiioommeeddiiccaall EEnnggiinneeeerriinngg DDeessiiggnn)) FFaallll 22000077 PPrroojjeecctt ##3333:: UUmmbbiilliiccaall CCoorrdd MMooddeell ffoorr UUmmbbiilliiccaall VVeeiinn CCaatthheetteerriizzaattiioonn TTrraaiinniinngg MMIIDD--SSEEMMEESSTTEERR RREEPPOORRTT OOccttoobbeerr 2233,, 22000077 TTEEAAMM MMEEMMBBEERRSS:: AAnnnn SSaaggsstteetttteerr ((TTeeaamm LLeeaaddeerr)) PPaaddrraaiicc CCaasssseerrllyy ((TTeeaamm LLeeaaddeerr)) SSoonnggyyuu NNgg ((CCoommmmuunniiccaattoorr)) AAnnggwweeii LLaaww ((BBSSAACC)) TTiimmootthhyy BBaallggeemmaannnn ((BBWWIIGG)) CCLLIIEENNTT:: DDrr JJuulliiee KKeesssseell DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff PPeeddiiaattrriiccss,, UUWW--MMaaddiissoonn AADDVVIISSOORR:: PPrrooffeessssoorr BBrreennddaa OOggllee DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff BBiioommeeddiiccaall EEnnggiinneeeerriinngg,, UUWW--MMaaddiissoonnBBMMEE 220000//330000 ((BBIIOOMMEEDDIICCAALL EENNGGIINNEEEERRIINNGG DDEESSIIGGNN)) MMIIDD--SSEEMMEESSTTEERR RREEPPOORRTT AADDVVIISSOORR:: PPRROOFFEESSSSOORR BBRREENNDDAA OOGGLLEE PPRROOJJEECCTT ##3333 ((UUMMBBIILLIICCAALL)) Page 2 of 16 LLAASSTT UUPPDDAATTEEDD:: October 23, 2007 TTaabbllee ooff CCoonntteennttss Abstract 3 Problem Statement 3 Background Information Anatomy of the Umbilical System 3 Umbilical Vein Catheterization 4 Catheterization Training & Current Products 4 Client’s Requirements & Design Constraints 5 Design Components 6 Ideas for Architecture 6 Design Matrix for Architecture 7 Ideas for Materials 8 Ideas for Stabilization Initial Stabilization Ideas 9 Evolution of Ideas after Consultation with Client 10 Design Matrix for Materials & Stabilization 10 The Final Solution 11 Current & Potential Difficulties About the Foam Support 11 About the Stabilizing Structure 12 About Other Components 12 Future Work 12 References 13 Appendix: Product Design Specifications 14BBMMEE 220000//330000 ((BBIIOOMMEEDDIICCAALL EENNGGIINNEEEERRIINNGG DDEESSIIGGNN)) MMIIDD--SSEEMMEESSTTEERR RREEPPOORRTT AADDVVIISSOORR:: PPRROOFFEESSSSOORR BBRREENNDDAA OOGGLLEE PPRROOJJEECCTT ##3333 ((UUMMBBIILLIICCAALL)) Page 3 of 16 LLAASSTT UUPPDDAATTEEDD:: October 23, 2007 AAbbssttrraacctt The goal of this design project is to develop a training model that mimics the human neonatal abdomen, focusing primarily on the internal anatomical course of the umbilical vein and the external texture of the abdomen. This model would be used for umbilical vein catheterization training, incorporating real umbilical cords. Currently, there are two existing models in the market which have been deemed unsatisfactory: one due to its price, and the other because of inadequate mimicry of the umbilical cord placement in a newborn. The purpose of this project is to bridge the insufficiencies of these devices by creating a design that will stabilize a real umbilical cord during the training procedure. PPrroobblleemm SSttaatteemmeenntt The American Academy of Pediatrics Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) requires training for thousands of physicians and medical staff involved in the delivery of newborns. Placement of an intravenous catheter in the umbilical vein of the cord stump in a distressed newborn is one way to provide life saving medication. Catheterization training on a model can help to improve on this skill outside of the delivery room. Developing a model that not only improves on negative aspects of the existing models but also meets or exceeds the positive aspects of those models, will create a positive learning experience for trainees before the critical situation arises. This means that the design model must mimic the umbilical vein path within an infant, like the Laerdal model, while being simple to prepare and compatible with an umbilical cord like the “baby bottle” model. All this must be done while ensuring stability of the cord and maintaining a high safety level associated with the handling of human tissue and blood-borne pathogens. BBaacckkggrroouunndd MMaatteerriiaallss AANNAATTOOMMYY OOFF TTHHEE UUMMBBIILLIICCAALL SSYYSSTTEEMM While in the uterus, the fetus is connected to the mother through the umbilical cord and placenta. The umbilical cord carries all nutrient and waste from fetal metabolism to and from the infant, respectively. The umbilical cord itself has an average length, at term, of 56 cm and is free to move with the baby. The cord normally has three blood vessels running its length: two arteries and a vein. These three vessels and the allantoic duct are surrounded by the Wharton’s jelly. This gelatinous substance is composed mostly of hyaluronic acid and is rich in stem cells. The small arteries spiral around the vein until the umbilicus of the fetus where they diverge. The arteries are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood away from the fetus while the vein brings oxygenated blood from the mother to the baby. The umbilical vein is larger in diameter and has thinner walls, compared to the umbilical arteries. At the umbilicus, the umbilical vein diverges from the arteries. The arteries descend towards the legs and terminate at the femoral arteries, while the umbilical vein ascends through the abdominal cavity to the portal vein of the liver, which leads into the inferior vena cava. At birth, the umbilical cord is severed and clamped. Specifically, the umbilical vein and arteries collapse on themselves and eventually turn into ligaments. The umbilical vein turns into a ligament extending from the umbilicus to the ligamentum venosum separating the two lobes of the liver.BBMMEE 220000//330000 ((BBIIOOMMEEDDIICCAALL EENNGGIINNEEEERRIINNGG DDEESSIIGGNN)) MMIIDD--SSEEMMEESSTTEERR RREEPPOORRTT AADDVVIISSOORR:: PPRROOFFEESSSSOORR BBRREENNDDAA OOGGLLEE PPRROOJJEECCTT ##3333 ((UUMMBBIILLIICCAALL)) Page 4 of 16 LLAASSTT UUPPDDAATTEEDD:: October 23, 2007 UUMMBBIILLIICCAALL VVEEIINN CCAATTHHEETTEERRIIZZAATTIIOONN When a newborn infant is in critical condition, it is often necessary to infuse medication as quickly as possible in order to save the infant’s life. The fastest way to do this is to start an intravenous line through the umbilical vein. To do this, a clinician must unclamp the umbilical cord and cut it down
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