Reptile Face MasksPresentation OutlineProblem StatementBackground InformationBackground InformationCurrent DevicesCompetitionDesign ConstraintsProblem OverviewDesign 1a: Full HeadDesign 1a: Pros and ConsDesign 1b: Full HeadDesign 1b: Pros and ConsDesign 2: Nose MaskDesign 2: Pros and ConsDesign 3: Nose PlugsDesign 3: Pros and ConsFuture WorkReferencesQuestions?How a Pneumotachometer worksReptile Face MasksReptile Face MasksReptile Face MasksTEAM MEMBERS:Katy Reed - Team LeaderKristen Seashore - CommunicatorSteven Skroch - BWIGJanelle Anderson - BSACCLIENT:Kurt Sladky, MS, DVMSteve Johnson, MS, PhD, MDADVISOR:Professor Wally Block Problem Statement Background Information Current Devices Competition Suggested Materials Design Constraints Problem Overview Alternative Designs Future WorkPresentation OutlinePresentation OutlinePresentation OutlineProblem StatementProblem StatementProblem Statement• Clients:Kurt Sladky, MS, DVMSteve Johnson, MS, PhD, MD• 2 respiratory masks: – Corn snake– Bearded dragon• 2 ports• Rigid plastic• Air-tight seal• ComfortableCorn SnakeBearded DragonBackground InformationBackground InformationBackground Information• Pneumotachograph• Opioids and Reptiles– Pain treatment– Effects unknown– Pain/Breathing suppression– Link to µ- and δ-opioid receptors– Morphine sulfate, oxymorphoneBackground InformationBackground InformationBackground InformationTurtle PneumotachographMeasurements: Before and After Morphine InjectionCurrent DevicesCurrent DevicesCurrent Devices• Face mask (glued on)• Intubation• Cast mask (glued on)CompetitionCompetitionCompetition• Commercial anesthetic masks• Previous designs from academic papersDesign ConstraintsDesign ConstraintsDesign ConstraintsCorn Snake: Bearded Dragon:- Air-tight- Noninvasive- Lightweight- Easy to use & clean- Neck ~10x9mm- Head ~13x9mm ~34mm long- Neck ~22x18mm- Head ~ 40x22mm~ 47mm long- Spikes on side of head- Strong brow ridgeProblem OverviewProblem OverviewProblem OverviewNeed two face masks, several options:1. Corn snake• Full Head Design• Nose Plug Design2. Bearded dragon• Full Head Design• Nose Mask Design• Nose Plug DesignDesign 1a: Full HeadDesign 1a: Full HeadDesign 1a: Full Head• Hollow plasticcylinder• Port drilled in top• Plexiglas with port• Rubber cone withzip-lockDesign 1a: Pros and ConsDesign 1a: Pros and ConsDesign 1a: Pros and ConsPros:• Bearded dragon spikes avoided• Quick release system• Minimally invasive• Useable for both reptilesCons:• Heavy• Dead space• Time consuming placementDesign 1b: Full HeadDesign 1b: Full HeadDesign 1b: Full Head• Hollow plastic cylinder• Port drilled on top• Plexiglas end with port• Thin membrane with holeDesign 1b: Pros and ConsDesign 1b: Pros and ConsDesign 1b: Pros and ConsPros:• Fits behind reptile’s head• Minimally invasive• Easy to useCons:• Heavy• Dead space• Membrane could tear• Corn snake onlyDesign 2: Nose MaskDesign 2: Nose MaskDesign 2: Nose Mask• Plastic cap over lizard’s nose• Collar and bands secure mask• Ports attached to front and bottom of maskDesign 2: Pros and ConsDesign 2: Pros and ConsDesign 2: Pros and ConsPros:• Minimal dead space• Low eye contact• LightweightCons:• Difficult to seal• Bearded dragon onlyDesign 3: Nose PlugsDesign 3: Nose PlugsDesign 3: Nose Plugs• Corn Snake or Bearded Dragon• Thin plastic tubes in nostrils• Air input/output junctionDesign 3: Pros and ConsDesign 3: Pros and ConsDesign 3: Pros and ConsPros:• Minimal dead space• LightweightCons:• Invasive/ uncomfortable• Restricted air flow• Securing nose plugs• Seal mouth shutFuture WorkFuture WorkFuture Work• Secure snake head in mask• Redesign bearded dragon airtight seal• Construct restraining units for reptiles• Design lighter versions of prototypes• Create duplicates of final designsReferencesReferencesReferences1. Andrade D, Tattersall G, Brito S, Soncini R, Branco L, Glass M, Abe A. 2004. The ventilatoryresponse to environmental hypercarbia in the South American rattlesnake, Crotalusdurissus. J Comp Physiol B. 174: 281-2912. Landberg T, Mailhot J, Brainerd E. 2003. Lung ventilation during treadmill locomotion in a terrestrial turtle, Terrapene Carolina. Journal of Experimental Biology. 206: 3391-34043. Munns S, Hartzler L, Bennett A, Hicks J. 2004. Elevated intra-abdominal pressure limits venous return during exercise in Varanus exanthematicus. Journal of Experimental Biology. 207: 4111-41204. Glass M L, Wood S C, Johansen K. 1978. The application of pneumotachography on smallunrestrained animals. Comp. Biochem Physiol. 59A: 425-4275. AnaesthesiaUK. 2004. http://www.frca.co.uk/images/volume1.jpg. 13 October 2005.6. My Neuro Lab. 2003. http://www.frca.co.uk/images/volume1.jpg. 6 October 2005.7. Paragon Medical Supply. 2005. http://www.frca.co.uk/images/volume1.jpg. 6 October 2005.8. Wester, John. Bioinstrumentation, Wiley and Sons, Inc (2004) pp. 310-1Pictures and drawings provided by Dr. Kurt Sladky and Kristen SeashoreQuestions?Questions?Questions?How a Pneumotachometer works∆PRQSemi-permeablemembraneQ is Air FlowR is Resistance to Air Flow∆P is the change in Pressure (pressure drop) due to ResistanceQ = ∆P/RVery similar to Ohm’s Law:V = IRMost pneumotachometershave a heating element to keep condensation from forming. Reptile Pneumotachometers do not need this.From: Wester, John. Bioinstrumentation, Wiley and Sons, Inc (2004) pp.
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