ADSC 2010 Lecture 35Outline of Last Lecture I. Stocker / BackgroundII. Feedlot / FinishingA. Traits of Economic Importance in Feedlota. Post Weaning Gainb. Feed Efficiencyc. Carcass ValueB. Economic Factorsa. Incomeb. CostsIII. Advantages of Beef Cattle ProductionIV. Disadvantages of Beef Cattle ProductionV. Beef Cattle DiseasesOutline of Current Lecture I. Beef Cattle Disease: Nutritional**SWINE PRODUCTION**II. Farrow – To – Finish III. Types of ProductionIV. Management ConsiderationsA. Selection of Breeding StockB. Mating SystemC. Management of Breeding Current Lecture: I. Beef Cattle Disease: Nutritional1. Bloat- Gas retention in the rumen resulting in pressure and distention- Occurs with legumes and high concentrate feeds2. Grass Tetany – Grass Straggers – Hypomagnesemia - Magnesium deficiency - Problem on lush forage with increase in calcium and potassium cause reducesmagnesium absorption- Treat with IV of Mg Salts3. Parturient Paresis / Milk Fever- After calving – reduced appetite, nervousness, collapse- Calcium deficiency- Treat with IV Calcium Gluconate4. Prussic Acid or acorn poisoning- Accumulation of organic acids or nitrates - Problem in rapidly growing plants (Johnson grass, Sudan grass, millet) - Especially after frost or drought **SWINE PRODUCTION**II. Farrow – To – Finish Breeding / GestationFarm One One CompanyFarrowingNursery Farm TwoGrower / Finisher Farm 3 Market- GA: Feeder Pig Production- Farm 1 = GA, Farm 2 = IOWA because we don’t have feed for pigs in GA or slaughter plantsIII. Types of ProductionA. Feed Pig Producer- Produces weaned pigs sold at 30-60 lbs.- Grown / finished in separate operations- Characteristics of Operation- Low feed requirements- High management requirements- Traits of economic Importance average ideal- Litters / sow / year 1.7 2.2- Pigs born alive / litter 9.5 12.0- Pigs weaned / litter 7.5 10.0- Pigs marketed / litter 7.2 9-10- Pigs marketed / litter / year 12.2 19.8-22B. Grower / FinisherC. Farrow – To – FinishD. Multiplier / Purebred: genetic providers- PIC, Danbred, SPG, Dekalb companies are the primary providersIV. Management Considerations1. Selection of Breeding Stock2. Mating Systems3. Management of Breeding4. Management during gestation5. Management at farrowing6. Care of young pigsA. Selection of Breeding Stock- Boars and gilts should be from litters with large numbers of pigs born alive- Number of pigs weaned can be misleading because of “Cross-Fostering”- 12 or more prominent and evenly spaced teats (avoid inverted nipples)- Good structural soundness (primarily feet and legs)- Sow Productivity- # pigs born, # pigs weaned, litter weaning weight, litters / year- Growth Traits- Weight at 155 days, average dairy gain, feed : gain- Carcass Traits- Backfat, loin eye area, fat-free lean %B. Mating System- White breed females (generally cross-bred)- Colored Boar (terminal mating)- Three breed rotational system (Yorkshire, Hampshire, Duroc)- Rotational / Terminal System- Rotation with Landrace, Yorkshire, Chester to produce females; terminal with colored boar- Current use of crossbred “hybrid lines” for maternal and paternal linesC. Management of Breeding - Gilts start cycling at 5 months (don’t breed on 1st estrus)- Breed 8 months and 250-260 lbs.- Don’t breed sow on 1st heat after farrowing (annovulatory estrus) - Breeding Systems:- Pen Mating: Boar with 10-12 sows for about 4 weeks- Hand Mating: heat detect and bring boar/sow together (2x min)- AI: heat detect and breed
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