ADSC 2010 Lecture 14Outline of Last LectureI. Measurement of Energy in FeedstufA. Nutrients that contribute to energyB. Two methods to estimate energy1. Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN)2. Metabolizable Energy (ME) & Net Energy (NE)II. Basic Ration BalancingA. Pearson Square Outline of Current Lecture I. Nutrient Utilization & RequirementsA. Maintenance Requirementsa. NutrientsB. Nutrient Utilization for ProductionII. Digestion MovieA. PrehensionB. MasticationC. Monogastrics & PoultryCurrent LectureI. Nutrient Utilization & RequirementsA. Maintenance Requirements- Maintain tissue balance of animal (no gain/loss)- Provide adequate energy for normal activity- Replace nutrients lost through basal metabolism- Based on animal size and metabolic weight- Metabolic weight = (body weight)0.75a. Nutrients- Half of the nutrients fed to livestock are used for maintenance requirements- Feedlot situation: 30-40%- Mature Breeding Animal: >85%- Nutrients in excess can be used in productionB. Nutrient Utilization for Production1. Growth: skeletal and muscle growth2. Reproduction: gamete production & fetal growth3. Milk/Wool Production: High producing dairy cows may require intake 4-5 times maint. requirements4. WorkII. Digestion MovieA. Prehension: way an animal gathers food- Horse: Lips- Cow: Tongue- Sheep & Goat: Lips & Tongue- Chicken: Beak- Human: HandsB. Mastication- Horse: Upper/lower teeth (has molars and premolars)- Goat, Sheep, & Cow: Dental Pad (Ruminant- Bolus)- Proximal Colon: Large intestine (Cecum- like appendix?) is used for microbial digestion- Reticular Groove: calf, lamb… not colt.C. Monogastrics & Poultry- Monogastrics: horse, goat, chicken- Pigs: - Pylorus: Highly muscular acid secreting- Liver produces bile which is stored in the gallbladder- Chicken:- Proventriculus: acid & digestion (True stomach)- Ceca – like pigs cecum- Pancreas- digestion- *Anterior =
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