ADSC 2010 Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture I. Swine ProductionII. 2013 U.S. Breeding SheepA. Range-Flock ProductionB. Farm-Flock ProductionC. 1940sIII. 2013 U.S. Broiler Inventory A. Vertically Integrated IndustryB. Lean meatC. What helped develop the poultry industry?IV. 2008 U.S. Horse InventoryV. Breeds of Livestock1. Beef Cattle Breedsa. Bos Taurus- British - Exotic/Continentalb. Bos Indicus- Zebu- American Breedsc. SimAngos A. Angus Breeda. Originated in Scotlandb. Strengthsc. WeaknessesB. Hereforda. Originated in Englandb. Strengthsc. WeaknessesC. Shorthorna. Originated in Englandb. Strengthsc. WeaknessesOutline of Current Lecture I. LimousinII. SimmentalIII. CharolaiseIV. GelbviehV. Bos Indicus CattleA. BrahmenB. Beef MasterC. BrangusVI. Other minor breeds of beef cattleA. ChianinaB. TarentaiseC. SenepolD. Santa GertrudisE. BradfordVII. Breeds of Dairy CattleA. HolsteinCurrent LectureI. Limousin (#3 in US)A. Originated in France- Black, Reddish-yellow- Horned and polledB. Strengths - **Superior Muscling- Moderate to rapid growth- Carcass cutabilityC. Weaknesses- Fertility- Milk Production- Carcass QualityII. Simmental (Dual Purpose Breed) (#5 in US)A. Originated in Switzerland- Black & Red with a white face- Horned and polled- Large mature sizeB. Strengths- Milk production- Rapid growth- Carcass cutablilityC. Weaknesses- Mature size- cost more!!- Can cause “Dystocia” – calving difficulty- Carcass cutabilityIII. Charolaise (#4 in US)A. Originated in France- White to creams colored- Horned and polled- Large mature sizeB. Strengths- Muscling- Rapid growth- Carcass cutabilityC. Weaknesses - Cow maintenance costs- “Dystocia”- Milk productionIV. Gelbvieh (#8 in US)A. Originated in Austria and Germany- Black, golden colored- Horned and polled- Moderate mature sizeB. Strengths- **Fertility / early sexual maturity (6mo)- Milk production- Rapid growth- Carcass qualityC. Weaknesses- “dystocia” at first… - **Marbling: USDA study = at the bottomV. Bos Indicus Cattle! – have a unique appearanceA. Brahmen (#11 in US registries)**Located in Southern gulf coast, Arizona, and east texas!a. Originated in India- Gray / white- Mostly horned- Moderate mature size- Large hump, loose skin, big earsb. Strengths- Heat, insect, and disease tolerance- **Mothering ability ** Extremely protective **- Longevity- ** Rapid production in crossbreeds : Heterosis = hybrid vigorc. Weaknesses- Lack of muscling- Fertility / late puberty (calving at 3years)- Cold tolerance- ** carcass quality and tenderness **B. Beef Master (#7 in US)a. Originated in US- Multi-colored- ½ Brahmen, ¼ Hereford, ¼ Shorthorn- Most horned - moderate mature sizeb. Strengths- Heat tolerance- Mothering ability- Performance on forage (GRASS)c. Weaknesses- Lack of muscling- Variability in performance- Carcass cutability- Carcass quality and tendernessC. Brangus (#9 in US)a. Originated in US- Black / red- Polled- 5/8 angus, 3/8 Brahmen- Moderate mature sizeb. Strengths- Heat tolerance- Mothering ability- Carcass qualityc. Weaknesses- Muscling- Carcass cutablity- **Temperament**VI. Other MINOR breeds of beef cattleA. Chianina- Tall- Originated in Italy- White colored with black pointsB. Tarentaise: Originated in FranceC. Senepol- Bos Taurus - Originated in Virgin Islands- Great heat tolerance and tenderness- WEAKNESS: MOTHERS MILK TOO MUCH: give up too much of their energy & therefore, take too long to cycle D. Santa Gertruis- Originated in US- First American breed: developed at KING RANCH- 3/8 Brahmen, 5/8 Shorthorn- Muscling = weaknessE. Bradford- 3/8 Brahmen, 5/8 Hereford- Originated in South West Florida – Ft. Pierce- Negative carcass standpointVII. Breeds of Dairy Cattle A. Holstein: 80% of dairy cowsa. Originated in Holland- Black and white- Large mature size (MALE = 2,200) (FEMALE = 1,500)b. Strengths- Milk production- **HIGH YIELD: 20,300 LBS PER YEAR/LACTATION… Can go up to 30,000+- LOW MILK FAT – 3.7%c. Weaknesses- Longevity - Udder failure-
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