ADSC 2010 Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Value-DeterminantsII. VitaminsA. CategoriesB. RequirementsC. FunctionsIII. MineralsA. CategoriesB. FunctionsOutline of Current Lecture I. Categories of FeedstuffsA. Concentratesa. Cereal Grainsb. Oilseedsc. By-ProductsB. Roughagesa. Legumesb. Grassesc. Forms of Roughages1. Pasture2. Hay3. Silage & HaylageII. Proximate Analysis of FeedstuffA. Six ComponentsB. Feed ChartIII. Digestibility of FeedstuffA. ExamplesCurrent LectureI. Categories of FeedstuffsA. Concentrates: High in energy, low in fibera. Cereal Grains: Seeds- Corn, oats, wheats, etc. $- Excellent source of energy- Moderate/low in protein- Poor source of calcium and vitamin a- Moderate source of phosphorousb. Oilseeds: Crops and Meal- Soybeans oil soybean meal $$$- Cottonseed (whole)- Linseed- Outstanding source of protein- Good source of energy and phosphorous- Love in calcium and vitamin Ac. By-Products- Dried beet/citrus pulp (sugar beets)- Molasses- Dried bakers waste- Whey products- Animal fat- Chicken litter (extreme case)B. Roughages: Low in energy, high in fiber : HAY!a. Legumes: nitrogen filling - Clovers, alfalfa- High in protein- Low in energy- Good source of calcium and vitamin A- Moderate source of phosphorousb. Grasses- Bermudagrass, bahiagrass, fescue - Low in energy- Moderate/low source in protein- Good source of calcium and vitamin A- Moderate/low in phosphorousc. Forms of Roughages1. Pasture: feed harvested by animal2. Hay: roughage is cut, air-dried, baled and stored3. Silage & Haylage & Baylege: roughage is cut and store wet to cause fermentation- Anaerobic environment: breaks down sugar to produce acids- Fermentation low pH preservation of roughageII. Proximate Analysis of Feedstuff: separation of feed components into groups based on feeding valueA. Six Components1. Moisture (Water)2. Crude Proteins3. Crude Fat4. Crude Fiber5. Nitrogen-Free extract6. AshDM % = dry matter wt / as-fed wt x 100%B. Feed ChartIII. Digestibility of Feedstuff- Amount of nutrient absorbed in digestive tract- Difference in nutrient content between intake and excretionNutrient in feed – nutrient in feces / nutrient in feed x 100%A. Examples- 100g of feed has 4 g of fat = 4%- 100g of feces has 1.2g of fat = 1.2%- Fat digestibility, % = 4 – 1.2 / 4 x 100% = 70%Feed 100%Moisture 12% 60C-100C Dry Matter 88%Ash 5%(minerals)600C Organic Matter 83%Crude Proteins 13% N2 analyzerNon-N Proteins 70% (fats, CHOs, vitamins)Crude Fat 4%(fat soluble vitamins)Apolar extraction CHOs 66%Crude Fiber 10%(lignin, cellulose, heme-cellulose)Acid/Base Extract DigestionN-Free Extract 56%(Starch, monosavvharides, water soluble
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