ADSC 2010 Lecture 25 Outline of Last Lecture I Epididymis II Vas Deferens or Ductus Deferens III Urethra IV Accessory Sex Glands A Seminal Vesicle B Prostate Gland C Bulbourethral or Cowper s gland V Penis FEMALE ANATOMY VI Ovary VII Oviduct or Fallopian Tube Outline of Current Lecture I Uterus A Uterine Horns B Uterine Body C Cervix II Vagina A Capacitation III Vulva IV Clitoris V Reproduction Ovarian Cycle A Follicles 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Tertiary 4 Gratian B Ovulation C Corpus Luteum D Fertile Life of Ova and Sperm 1 Ova 2 Sperm VI VII VIII IX E Fertilization Reproduction Embryonic Development A Blastocyst 1 Inner cell mass a Endoderm b Mesoderm c Ectoderm 2 Trophoblast 3 Blastocyst Cavity Reproduction Implantation A Implantation B Implantation Times Reproduction Placenta A Placenta 1 Chorion 2 Allantois 3 Amnion B Placental Attachment C Functions of the Placenta 1 Respiration 2 Nutrition 3 Waste Removal 4 Protection 5 Hormone Production Reproduction Pregnancy A Hormonal Changes During Pregnancy Current Lecture I Uterus 3 parts site for development of fetus growth and nourishment A Uterine Horns B Uterine Body 1 Bicornuate multiple feti pig small uterine body and large horns 2 Bipartite normally single fetus horse cow ewe large uterine body and smaller horns C Cervix neck of uterus primary function to keep uterus clean only open during parturition relaxin and estrous estrogen Thick walled Collagenous rings cow ewe sow or folds horse II III IV V VI Site for semen deposition in sow Vagina birth canal at parturition and site of semen deposition in cow and ewe The Urethra from the bladder enters into the vagina floor near the vulva A Capacitation maturation of sperm in the female reproductive tract removal of surface components Vulva external portion of the female genitalia Clitoris has the same embryonic origin as the male penis Highly innervated Clitoral Massage sometimes done with A I in cattle May increase uterine motility May synchronize LH surge Reproduction Ovarian Cycle A Follicles 1 Primary Follicle ovum surrounded by single layer of granulose cells 2 Secondary Follicle granular cells increase in number through mitosis 3 Tertiary Follicle begin to see antrum formation 4 Gratian Follicle mature follicle with mature ova near rupture B Ovulation surge of LH stimulates enzymes to digest follicle wall ova released C Corpus Luteum CL yellow body granular cells produce progesterone If not pregnant CL regresses and forms corpus albicans white body D Fertile Life of Ova and Sperm 1 Ova Cattle sheep pigs 8 12 hours Horses 16 24 hours 2 Sperm Cattle sheep pigs 24 48 hours Horses 72 120 hours E Fertilization occurs at junction of ampulla and isthmus results in zygote cells divide about every 20 hours First cleavage 1 2 cell occurs 24 hours after fertilization 8 cell stage occurs within 2 3 days after fertilization Passes into uterus 3 4 days after fertilization Morula stage 16 32 cells Blastocyst 5 8 days after fertilization Reproduction Embryonic Development A Blastocyst 1 Inner cell mass grows into fetus a Endoderm forms digestive tract liver lungs and kidneys VII VIII IX b Mesoderm forms muscle bone and fat c Ectoderm Forms skin hair brain and spinal cord 2 Trophoblast forms placenta and embryonic membranes 3 Blastocyst Cavity fills with fluid Reproduction Implantation A Implantation Blastocyst will loosely attach to wall of uterus Embryo and uterine development must be in synchrony If not the result is no implantation and embryonic death Synchronizing the uterus and embryo is extremely critical in embryo transfer B Implantation Times Cow 11 40 days Sheep 10 22 days Pig 12 24 days Horse 60 70 days Reproduction Placenta A Placenta three membranes that develop from the Trophoblast 1 Chorion outer membrane in contact with uterus 2 Allantois bridges outer inner layers 3 Amnion inner membrane closest proximity to embryo B Placental Attachment 1 Cotyledonary Cow Ewe 2 Diffuse Sow Mare Cotyledonary fetal Caruncle maternal placentome Sheep 90 100 placentomes Cattle 70 120 placentomes C Functions of the Placenta 1 Respiration exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between fetus and dam 2 Nutrition transportation of sugars amino acids fatty acids vitamins and mineral from dam to fetus 3 Waste Removal exchange of waste products from fetus to dam 4 Protection 5 Hormone Production estrogen and progesterone Reproduction Pregnancy A Hormonal Changes During Pregnancy If it is not pregnant prostaglandin from uterus causes CL regression and cycle restarts If pregnant estrogen blocks prostaglandin production and CL continues progesterone production In cow and sow CL present through pregnancy In ewe CL needed for the 1st and 2nd trimester In Horse CL and progesterone present for the first 40 days then the accessory CL through 150 days then the placenta continues to produce progesterone for the remainder of time
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