Greek Art Late Classical and Hellenistic Peloponnesian War 431 404 BCE Athens and Sparta athens powerful b c of the Delian League Lots of switching sides Sparta takes over then Thebes Pericles dies after ruling Athen fro 30 years Philip of Macedonia overtakes Greece in 338 BCE Alexander the Great began ruling in 336 BCE tutored by Aristotle Fights and defeats the Persians Seen as the new Achilles and champion of Hellenism capitalizes on and celebrates the mythology to his benefit Disillusionment and alienation Focus on the individual and the real world End of serene idealism Not as concerned with correct mathematical proportions perfect human statues and rational human order Aphrodite of knives c 350 340 BCE First full scale naked goddess Sculpted by Praxiteles Created for the city of Coss City didn t want to pick something more traditional Knidos purchased it Much copied piece The bronze original was destroyed in Constantinople 6 8 Born from the sea so she emerges nude Depicts her slipping into the bath engaging a human experience Modest serene controlled Sensual but not sexual or erotic hand covering the pubic area Proexetlian curve slight S curve relaxed contrapasto Hermes and the infant Dionysos c 340 BCE Temple of Hera Olympia Greece 7 1 high Sculpted by Praxiteles Hermes traveling child to Naisa Protecting Dionysos from Hera Hermes leaning on a tree trunk Proxetellius s curve hallmark of his sculpture Still divine but naturally engaged in human activity with the child Expression of tenderness between the gods Hermes would have been dangling grapes in front of Dionysos god of wine Apoxyomenos Scraper c 330 BCE Sculpted by Lyssipos court sculptor of Alexander 6 9 high New canon proportions 1 8th of body size resulting in a slender figure Arm is out legs are apart one foot turned out He is holding a strigil and in the form of scraping Athletes scrape off oils and sand from their bodies Transitional pierce to the Helenistic Fig leaf over the pubic added later by the Vatican Battle of Issus c 310 BCE House of Faun Pompeii Italy Sculpted by Philoxenos of Eretria Example of painting late classical Done with tesserai tiny stone of classes mosaic Battle between Persians and Greeks Alexander full of confidence on horse and Darius looking back and riding away in a chariot Theater of Epidauros Greece Orchestra dancing place Cunei wedge shaped sections Skene dressing rooms prop rooms Made by Polykleitos the Younger 12 14k spectators Built into a hill Athletic and artistic competitions religious events plays based on religious myths Corinthian Order c 350 BCE Created by Kallimachos Breek wasn t reall used until the Roman time Corinthian capital Late classical Four sides equal More complex double row of acanthus leaves flower spikes Flaring abacus Hellenistic Period in 31 BCE From the death of Alexander the great 323 BCE to the defeat of Anthony and Cleopatra Generals divide the empire New cosmopolitan world citizens of the world Greek becomes the international language and there is international trade Literary life moves to Alexandria and not Athens Revolts continue after Alexander s death No more city states kings have power over different territories Changes in styles Pronounced realism Expressiveness Experimentation with pose and drapery Embraces humanity interest in emotions Expanded repertoire of people depicted Individuality Dying Gaul c 230 220 BCE Sculpted by Epigonos 3 Can tell he s a Gaul because of his hair and mustache Empathy for the anguish we see on his face Is a trumpeter and sits on his shield with his sword and trumpet Is an enemy but still treated as a noble warrior A dying soldier reacting to his pain Line in his face He is twisted and tense and can see veins on his body and wrinkles on his face The greater the enemy the greater the defeat We can compare it to a dying warrior of the Archaic era Athena battling Alykeneos c 175 BCE From the altar of Zeus detail of the Gigantomachy frieze Pergamon Turkey Marble 7 6 high Battling for control of the earth Sweeping movement down to their legs Athena breaking out of the space Earth goddesses coming up below Deeply cut lots of drapery and movement of hair Athena is striding and grabbing the head and hair of a giant Metaphor for the victory of Greek culture over chaos and the unknown Nike of Samothrace c 190 BCE 8 1 Samothrace Greece Marble Landed on the ships prowl drapery is fluttering wings are still beating Would have been placed on a two level pool or fountain with a terrace above and the theater of Samothrace below Would have had the light and added noise of the water around lots of interaction with the environment Offered by the people of Rhodes in commemoration of the naval victory against the persian empire against sdae Has a broken right wing that was recast based on the otherwing 18 with the base as well Venus de Milo Roman name c 150 125 BCE Aphrodite of Milos Greek name Found in two pieces torso and the legs and a fragment of her arm Thought to be holding an apple symbol of Venus or Aphrodite Paris gave her a crown for a beauty contest btw Athena Hera and Aphrodite Presented to King Louis the 18th The artist is Alexandros of Antioch on the Meander Drapery is slipping off her waist more precarious More sexual and kind of teases the viewer Body is an empahsized s curve Seated boxer c 100 50 BCE Bronze Rome Italy 4 2 Broken nose broken teeth older man weather knuckle straps Not depicted as a young man Artists are depicting humanity not winners not just a young man he is slumped and tired Old market woman c 150 100 BCE Marble 4 On her way to the Agora market Haggard maybe a lifetime of poverty Tired lines sagging Falling drapery Laocoon and his sons Early 1st century BCE Rome Italy Marble 7 10 high Laocoon Trojan priest either of Apollo or Poseidon One who warned against the horse of the Trojan War Two serpents that rose from the sea and stangled him while sacrificing at an altar could have been Athena b c she supported the Greeks or Poseidon Apollo because he broke his celibacy vows Mortals who defy the gods will be punished Laecoon has an open mouth lots of motion lots of agony