ARTS 149 1st Edition Lecture 3 Current LectureContinuation of Stone Age (Mesolithic and Neolithic)I. Mesolithic Eraa. Dog was domesticatedII. Neolithic Perioda. More permanent society was developedb. Farming and animal domestication occurredc. Some art consisted of potter and weavingIII. Art During Neolithic Perioda. Human Figure (ca. 6,780 – 6,250 BCE)i. Figure was created with twigs then covered in plasterii. Figure was decorated with paint and shell, creating patterns and detailsiii. 22 figures similar to the figure seen in notes were found1. Location found – buried under housesiv. In comparison to Paleolithic sculptures, these were much larger1. Approx. 3 fv. Purpose? Possible used for ceremonial functionsIV. Neolithic Period: City of Jerichoa. Jericho is known as one of the oldest cities b. Today known as Jordan c. Site of beginning of monumental architecture d. Population was around 2,000 peoplee. Protection from nomads was needed for city and people f. Housesi. Round, oval shapedii. Branches were used for roofs iii. Walls were tall and houses were dug into the groundg. Art Found in City of Jerichoi. Sculptured Heads1. Real skulls recreated with plaster to form more life-like heads and painted on hair and eyes2. Were on display above ground3. These artifacts show that Neolithic people believed in a spirit or soul surviving death of bodyV. Neolithic Period: City of Catal Hoyuk These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Located in today’s Turkey b. First attempts of urban livingc. Sites were large – housing many peopled. Women and Men of Catal Hoyuki. It is thought that men and women were equal because heads of both male and female skeletons were found cut ofe. Housesi. Houses had no openings (i.e. windows or doors at ground level)1. Acted as protection and defense system2. Because no entrances at ground level, roofops became streetsii. Dead were buried beneath floors 1. Average of 6 burials below each houseiii. Houses were built close togetheriv. Main rooms1. Typically cooking and daily activities were performed herev. Shrine Rooms1. More decorated rooms with figurines inside2. These figurines suggest that their religion had many symbolsf. Art Found in City of Catal Hoyuki. Deer Hunt (ca. 5,750 BCE)1. Painting on walls of houses2. Difers from Paleolithic because people are more realistic a. i.e. knees, thicker thighs than calvesii. Landscape with Volcanic Eruption (ca. 6,150)1. Considered to be the first landscapea. Because no people or animals are present, it is considered a landscape b. If people or animals had been present, it may have been considered a narrativeiii. Fertility Goddess (ca. 6,000 BCE)1. Baked clay sculpture of 8 inches in length 2. Found in shrine rooms of Catal Hoyuk Houses3. Could be considered early goddess worship because of the two cats that are beside the womanVI. Neolithic Period: Stonehengea. Located in Salisbury Plain, England b. Definitions relating to Stonehenge to know: i. Megaliths = great stonesii. Cromlech (or henge) = circle of stonesiii. Trilithons = a three stone constructioniv. Heel stone = stones located outside entrance of Stonehengev. Aubrey Holes = holes were stones were placedvi. Lentils = top rocks of vertical megalithsc. Blue stones were transferred from Walesd. Heel Stone represents where sun rises during summer solsticee. Sarsen Stonesi. Probably came from Henge in Averyf. Purpose? i. Known to have acted as a solar calendar 1. Helps to predict solar eclipses ii. May have been religious site iii. May have been astronomical area of studyiv. May have been ancestral worship site or grave site1. Some bodies were found buried there and some people brought ashes to spread herev. Most likely it was multi-functional g. Stonehenge most likely unified people of the diferent
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