ARTS 149 1st Edition Lecture 6 Current Lecture Completion of Ancient Near East and Introduction to Egyptian Art I Neo Babylonian Period ca 612 550 BCE a Ruler Nebuchadnezzar II b Polytheism c Gate of Ishtar i Appearance 1 Ceremonial entrance to city made of brick and glazed with blue glass 2 Arched entrance and blue color symbolizes heavens 3 Decorated with lions specifically 120 Dragons stylized rosettes and bulls a Ishtar s Lions were actually raised surface of wall ii Located in Babylon Iraq iii Gate was built for Goddess of Ishtar 1 She was the goddess of love and fertility and also sex and war iv Nebuchadnezzar had a poem inscribed on wall v Processional Way of Ishtar Gate 1 A long entrance leading to gate vi Modern Ishtar Gate These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 1 Built by Saddam Hussein who was trying to reconstruct Nebuchadnezzar s empire on top of the ruins vii The Excavation of Ishtar s Gate 1 Performed by Germans and was removed and later reconstructed in a Berlin Museum II Achaemenid Persian Empire a Located in modern day Iran b Achaemenid means to ascend from the god anemis c Zoroastrianism Religion i One god with a dualistic approach ii There was main god god of good god of light iii And the opposing god of evil god of dark d Empire is most known for i Making Arabic official language ii Freeing Israelites from Babylonian captivity iii Fighting Greeks in grecto persian war e Persepolis Iran ca 521 465 BCE i Built under Darius I ii Vassal states would pay tribute here during equinox iii Heavily fortified and sat on high plateau iv Structure of Persepolis 1 Apanada audience hall that had 70 columns only 14 let 2 Throne room where kinds received gifts and had 100 columns 3 Treasury store houses and weapon holder 4 Rooms were wooden and had carved doors v Art in Persepolis 1 Many relief sculptures 2 Columns with double headed animals and scrolls on the capitals 3 Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute ca 491 486 BCE a A relief sculpture b Made of limestone c Was originally painted in bright colors 4 Columns with Bullheaded Capitals 5 The art in this area was made by artists from all different areas a Persians were very peaceful and accepting people so they invited and hired people from all different areas to create art and structures there b They also did not have slaves paid all of their workers III Egypt Art a Egypt Civilizations and writings were developed a same time of Stonehenge b Hieroglyphics sacred writing c Rosetta Stone i Discovered in El Rashid by Napoleon ii A key to deciphering the hieroglyphics created during Ptolemy s reign iii Deciphered in 1800s iv Because there was Greek language on the Rosetta stone and also hieroglyphics we could actually relearn the lost language of Hieroglyphics 1 It had been lost since 4 BC d Pyramid Texts of King Unas ca 2 367 2 347 BCE i Carved into white limestone in his burial chamber ii These texts are religious in nature IV About Egypt a Land i Nile floods every year which enriches the soil around the area ii Land was protected by desert on both sides 1 Because of this protection there was a long peaceful empire 2 Therefore artifacts were not destroyed by war b Beliefs and Rulers i Belief in afterlife ii Ka is the life force the continuation of life after death 1 The Ka requires a body and in order to survive in the next life it must have everything that the Egyptians had in this side of life a Riches and models of animals and other things were buried with dead for the afterlife iii Pharaoh was considered king of ancient Egypt c Architecture i Was made to last for dead ii Sculpture a substitute in stone for the perishable body iii Painting recreation of life d Religion i Pantheism creator brings light from this mound looks like a pyramid ii Ahmen is considered the supreme god iii Re is the sun god iv Nature deities that had attributes of animals
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