ARTS 149 1st Edition Lecture 6 Current LectureCompletion of Ancient Near East and Introduction to Egyptian ArtI. Neo-Babylonian Period (ca. 612 – 550 BCE)a. Ruler – Nebuchadnezzar IIb. Polytheism c. Gate of Ishtari. Appearance 1. Ceremonial entrance to city made of brick and glazed with blue glass2. Arched entrance and blue color symbolizes heavens3. Decorated with lions (specifically 120), Dragons, stylized rosettes and bullsa. Ishtar’s Lions were actually raised surface of wallii. Located in Babylon, Iraq iii. Gate was built for Goddess of Ishtar1. She was the goddess of love and fertility and also sex and wariv. Nebuchadnezzar had a poem inscribed on wallv. Processional Way of Ishtar Gate1. A long entrance leading to gate vi. Modern Ishtar GateThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Built by Saddam Hussein who was trying to reconstruct Nebuchadnezzar’s empire on top of the ruinsvii. The Excavation of Ishtar’s Gate1. Performed by Germans and was removed and later reconstructed in a Berlin Museum II. Achaemenid Persian Empirea. Located in modern day Iran b. Achaemenid = means “to ascend from the god anemis”c. Zoroastrianism Religion i. One god with a dualistic approach ii. There was main god, god of good = god of light iii. And the opposing god of evil = god of dark d. Empire is most known for i. Making Arabic official languageii. Freeing Israelites from Babylonian captivity iii. Fighting Greeks in grecto-persian ware. Persepolis, Iran (ca. 521 – 465 BCE)i. Built under Darius Iii. Vassal states would pay tribute here during equinoxiii. Heavily fortified and sat on high plateau iv. Structure of Persepolis1. Apanada – audience hall that had 70 columns (only 14 let)2. Throne room – where kinds received gifts and had 100 columns3. Treasury – store houses and weapon holder4. Rooms were wooden and had carved doorsv. Art in Persepolis 1. Many relief sculptures2. Columns with double headed animals and scrolls on the capitals 3. Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute (ca .491 – 486 BCE)a. A relief sculpture b. Made of limestone c. Was originally painted in bright colors 4. Columns with Bullheaded Capitals5. The art in this area was made by artists from all different areasa. Persians were very peaceful and accepting people so theyinvited and hired people from all different areas to createart and structures thereb. They also did not have slaves, paid all of their workersIII. Egypt Arta. Egypt Civilizations and writings were developed a same time of Stonehengeb. Hieroglyphics = “sacred writing”c. Rosetta Stone i. Discovered in El-Rashid by Napoleon ii. A key to deciphering the hieroglyphics; created during Ptolemy’s reigniii. Deciphered in 1800siv. Because there was Greek language on the Rosetta stone and also hieroglyphics ,we could actually relearn the lost language of Hieroglyphics 1. It had been lost since 4 BCd. Pyramid Texts of King Unas (ca. 2,367 – 2,347 BCE)i. Carved into white limestone in his burial chamber ii. These texts are religious in nature IV. About Egypt a. Landi. Nile floods every year which enriches the soil around the areaii. Land was protected by desert on both sides1. Because of this protection, there was a long peaceful empire 2. Therefore artifacts were not destroyed by warb. Beliefs and Rulersi. Belief in afterlife ii. Ka is the life force; the continuation of life after death1. The Ka requires a body and in order to survive in the next life, it must have everything that the Egyptians had in this side of lifea. Riches and models of animals and other things were buried with dead for the afterlife iii. Pharaoh was considered king of ancient Egyptc. Architecture i. Was made to last for deadii. Sculpture – a substitute in stone for the perishable bodyiii. Painting – recreation of lifed. Religion i. Pantheism – creator brings light from this mound (looks like a pyramid)ii. Ahmen is considered the supreme godiii. Re is the sun godiv. Nature deities that had attributes of
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