ARTS 149 1st Edition Lecture 18Continuation of Roman Republic- The Republic Art o Second Style Wall Painitings of Villa PubliusFanniusSynistor (ca. 50 – 40 BCE) Boscoreale, Italy Republic Shows linear persepectiveo Garden Scape Wall Painting (ca. 30 -20 BCE) Second style Villa of Livia, Primaporta, Italy Located in a place where people would go to cool off, this is reflected in colors used Shows their admiration for natureo Detail of a Third Style Wall Painting in Cubiculum 15 (ca. 10 BCE) Villa of Agrippa Postumus, Boscotrecase, Italy  Third style is characterized by - Elegance and fantasy/dream-like scenes on monochromatic backgrounds- Scenes are framed and appear ornamentalo Fourth Style Wall Paintings in Ixion Room (ca. 70-79 CE) House of Vetti, Pompeii, Italy 4th style is characterized by- A combination of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd styles We can see 1st style in the bottom and 3rd style in framed pictureso Neptune and Amphitrite (ca. 62-79 CE) Wall Mosaic  Herculaneum, Italy Republic Mosaics are made of tesserae or glass that is set in grouting Introduction to Early Empire- Romans in General o Roman army camps started many major citieso Washed more than other civilizations but other sanitation was poorThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Doctors were relatively advanced for their time Cataract surgery, artificial legs, skull pressure relief Typically doctor care could not be afforded so herbal remedies were usedo Slaves were acquired through warfare Typically worked in construction and shops Slaves could buy their freedom or could be freed- Early Empire Sculptureo Portrait of Augustus (ca. 1st century CE) Primaporta, Italy in his wife’s house Bronze Originally  He is seen addressing his troops (a roman like stance especially during this period) Idealization is seen in his- Smooth face- Young-looking, healthy, mighty warrior- Almost god-like Roman hair cut is seen He is shown realistically in the did look like that, but he is idealized because for most of his rule he was not young as seen here Shows his relation to Venus and Aeneas (son of Venus) with the cupid beside him Details of cuirass (breast plate)- Sky god flanked by sun and mood bods at top- Sides show women representing captive countries- Military standard (carried battle and indicated how people would march during war)- Mother earth on Bottom o AraPacisAugustae (Altar of Augustan Peace) - (13-9 BCE) Rome, Italy Marble Celebrates Augustus’ establishment of peace  Shows greatness of Augustus  23 ft tall Inside altar is decorated with sculpture and relief  Also altar is decorated with bulls’ skulls Outside panels show Aeneus sacrificing to Venus Lower registers show floral patterns with animals symbolizing peace andplanet- Specifically, swan of Apollo Female Personification at East Façade- Represents Pax Augusta (peace) and/or mother Earth- It is spring and the animals live in peace here- Earth, sky and water are all seen which show Pax Augusta spreadover entire world Procession of Imperial Family- From South Frieze - Inspired by procession of Parthenon - Illusion of depth is seen here - Fathers are shown with children o Children are shown In order to promote having children because population was in slight decline- Early Empire Architectureo MaisonCarree (ca. 1-10 CE) Nimes, France Early Empire Uses Etrusacn tradition and similar to temple of Virilis Appearance- Corinthian order temple (Greek influences)- Pseudo peripteral – illusion of columns go all around - Ionic Frieze - Has more columns (6) than Temple of Virilis and is considered a Corinthian temple (Ionic at Temple of Virilis) Influenced design of Virginia Capitolo Pont-du-Gard (ca. 16 BCE) Nimes, France Roman aquaduct that brought water to Nimes by flow of gravity- Passage way for water was at top Made of 2-ton blocks with out the use of mortar Arches serve as purpose for design and practicalityo Severus and Celer (ca. 74 -68 CE) Golden House of Nero Rome, Italy Made of concrete to withstand fire  Extravagant house with octagonal hall and dome that allowed light in thorugh the opulus 5 rectangular rooms, one with a water fall Did not survive to today, was ruinedo Colosseum (ca. 70 -80 CE) Aka Flavian Ampitheater Rome, Italy Opened in 80 CE with 100 days of games- Place of gladiatorial combats, slaughter of animals and public executions Built over Nero’s artificial lake at the Golden House Flooded for 3000 person naval