ARTS 149 1st Edition Lecture 10 Current LectureEgypt Art: New KingdomI. New Kingdoma. Temple of Amen-Re i. Karnak Egyptii. New Kingdom; built during 19th dynasty and was continually added on until the 26th dynasty iii. Started by Thutmose I iv. Hypostyle Hall1. Had flower (of papyrus) and bud capitals supporting the roofa. Flower columns were 69 ft tallb. Bud columns were shorter2. Clerestory – how the light and air entered the buildingsa. Invented by Egyptians during this timev. Gateway “Plyons”1. Huge, slightly sloping walls with entrance in center2. Ideas was used in many other Egyptian Templesvi. Artificial Lake 1. Considered to be sacred and religious in nature 2. The water was thought by the Egyptians to be the water made before creation3. Priests and Pharaoh would bathe in it before entering the templeb. Last Judgment of Hu Neferi. Thebes, Egypt ii. New Kingdomiii. Painted on Papyrus Scroll iv. Hu Nefer (a scribe) prepares to enter after life1. His heart is shown with scale and feather of truth v. We can see Hieroglyphsvi. Registers 1. On top register we see Hu Nefer kneeling before godsvii. This was from the “Book of Dead” – books which were sacred text of spells and prayers buried with the mummiesviii. We can see here that there is a return of Traditional, Old Kingdom StyleII. Late Period of New Kingdom (712 – 332 BCE)a. Foreign Powers come to Rule EgyptThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Persia conquers Egypt 525 BCE1. Egyptians did not like Persian Rulersii. Alexander the Great conquers Persia 332 BCE1. During Ptolemy’s Rule and Egyptians like them because they let Egyptians continue their normal traditionsiii. Egypt becomes Roman Province b. Mentuemhet (ca. 650 BCE)i. Late Period of New Kingdomii. Statue carved in Granite iii. Karnak, Egyptiv. He is a Mayor of Thebes1. We know this because he lacks all typical Pharaoh garb (i.e. false beard, headdress, ect)2. He wears a double wig in this sculpture v. This style is the typical, Old Kingdom Egyptian art c. Temple of Horus 9ca, 237 – 27 BCE)i. Late Period of New Kingdomii. Edfu, Egyptiii. Built after Alexander the Great’s Conquest iv. Sunken Reliefsv. Horus and Hathor are witnessing Ptolemy killing his enemiesd. Cleopatra i. Rule with father and brothers during Ptolemyii. Had an Affair with Cesar and had child Ceasarion 1. Cesar restored her to throne iii. Had an affair with Anthony, but Octavian took overiv. She kills herself and Octavian kills her son Ceasarion Introduction to Aegean Art III. Greece a. 3 Civilizations – Cycladic (islands off of mainland Greece), Minoan (located in Crete), Helladic (mainland Greece with later era called Mycenaean) IV. Cycladic Art a. ca. 3,000 – 1,600 BCE (this would be during the Paleolithic age)b. Art was highly abstract, appears modern and mostly made of Marble c. Figurine of Woman (ca. 2,500 – 2,300 BCE)i. Cycladic, Bronze ageii. Carved into marbleiii. We see lot of geometric (specifically triangular here) iv. Would have been with the deadv. Could represent fertility or deceased d. Male Lyre Player (ca. 2,700 – 2,500 BCE)i. Cycladicii. Carved into marbleiii. Again we see geometric, simplified designiv. No features on face except for nosev. Would have been with the deadV. Minoan Arta. ca. 3,000 – 1,400 BCEb. Island of Cretei. South of mainland Greecec. Had the writing style – Linear A i. Has not yet been deciphered d. During late Minoan period we call it the New Palace Periode. Arthur Evans discovered the Palace of Minos, Knossosf. Palace of Minos, Knossos (ca. 2000 BCE)i. Minoan Art ii. Covers 5 ½ acres and had a large population of about 80,000 peopleiii. Named after King Minos who was written to have had a minotaur monster 1. Minotaur lived in labyrinth 2. Labyrinth is associated with axes so many reliefs of axes were found in the Palaceiv. The Palace is very maze-like with several entries, exits, and levels 1. No level or palace was alike in Minoan palacesv. Walls are broken down in stairwells to create “lightwells” where light and air enters the palacevi. Stairwell in Residential Quarter 1. We can see that the columns are inverted2. Columns are painted red (shaft) and black (capital)vii. Known for its Frescos, bright colors, drainage systems, and potteryg. Bull Leaping(ca. 1,450 – 1,400 BCE)i. In Palace at Knossos, Creteii. Minoan Artiii. Toreador Fresco iv. Curvilinear lines, bright colors depicting bull leapingv. Men were seen darkly painted and women were fair-colored1. They also had long curly hair vi. There are many bulls in Minoan art and some think that bulls may have been worshippedh. Ancient Thera (Santorini) i. A volcanic island ii. Main city of Akrotiri 1. Discovered in 1967 2. Was a wealthy town 3. Much pottery was recovered here4. Had toilets and clay pipes5. Preserved from Volcanic Eruption in 1,628 BCE6. May have been Plato’s Atlantisiii. Miniature Ships Fresco (ca. 1,628 – 1,500 BCE)1. Akrotiri, Thera2. Minoan Art3. Abstract Fresco (so perspective is different)4. Shows a lot of other life (i.e. deer, lion, dolphins)iv. Landscape with Swallows (or Spring Fresco)1. Akrotiri, Thera 2. Minoan Art3. Fresco 4. Curvilinear lines can be seen here with swaying lilies (movement) and flying swallows5. Bright colors, so beautifulv. Marine Style Octopus Jar (ca. 1,500 BCE)1. Palaikastro, Crete2. Minoan Art3. Style covers the whole vase4. Abstractvi. Harvester Vase1. Hagia Triada, Crete 2. Minoan Art3. Carved into Steatite 4. A vessel used for pouring liquid 5. Men are shown overlapped and dancing in a rowvii. Snake goddess (ca. 1,600 BCE)1. Found in Palace at Knossos, Crete2. Minoan Sculpture made of Faience 3. She may have been a goddess of animals or control of animal kingdom because of cat on her head and snakes in her hands4. Wears a special Minoan dress with open top bodice and layered skirtVI. Mycenaean Arta. Ca. 1,400 – 1,100 BCEb. Style of Writing – linear B languagei. Has been deciphered and allows us to know more about their lifec. The site of Homer’s Troyi. Heinrich Schliemann discovered it in search of city of Troyd. Citadel at Tiryns (ca. 1,400 – 1,200 BCE)i. Mainland Greeceii. Mycenaean artiii. Homer wrote about this towniv. Walls were thought to be made by Cyclops1. Called “Cyclopean Masonry” because of this ideav. Building blocks make an archway referred to as Corbelled Arche.