ARTS 149 1st Edition Lecture 19 Continuation of Early Empire Colosseum ca 70 80 CE o Aka Flavian Ampitheater o Rome Italy o Opened in 80 CE with 100 days of games Place of gladiatorial combats slaughter of animals and public executions o Built over Nero s artificial lake at the Golden House o Flooded for 3000 person naval battle o Became known as colloseum because of the gigantic statue of Nero called Colossus that stood outside of it o Beneath the floor of the colosseum were rooms and tunnels for athletes performers animals and equipment o Could hold 50 000 spectators on its 3 levels o There are 3 levels w arches and engaged columns and each of these levels use a different architectural design with increasing complexity Plain Tusca doric n order on ground Ionic on second level Corinthian on third level o The attic level has windows decorated with cartouches gilded bronze shield shaped ornaments o Originally covered in marble Sculpture of Early Empire o Portrait of Vespasian ca 75 79 CE Carved in Marble About a foot tall We see Veristic tradition return Early Empire Rome o Portrait of Bust of a Flavian Woman ca 90 CE Carved in marble Shows idealized beauty and contemporary fashion Rome These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Drillwork was used here a technique used where rapid cutting of deep groves with straight sides is created used in curls of hair o Arch of Titus ca 81 CE Rome Italy Built by Domitian Flavian ruler Created in honor of capture of Jerusalem in conquests of Judea Originally the arch was the base of a giant bronze statue of the emperor it was lost Columns Engaged columns of composite type o Aka ionic and Corinthian We see Victories on the Spandrels part of arch between the circular curve of the arch and the rectangular border Introduction to High Empire About High Empire o Greatest geographic expanse of roman empire occurs during this time period o Empire secures borders o Pax Romana roman peace o Art was used as propaganda o Empire Extended from Scotland to Arabia High Empire Architecture o These architectural projects were meant to transform capital to shows the magnificent rule of this time period o Trajan and Hadrian were major in these time periods and the architecture during this time was built under them o Forum of Trajan Rome Italy High Empire A dense building plan Designed by Greek architect Apollodorus of Damascus Had a temple libraries arch of Trajan Basilica Column of Trajan Basilica Ulpia 112 CE is a large rectangular building with extensive interior space used for many functions of the government o Column of Trajan ca 112 CE Rome Italy The columns spirals up and is covered in relief decoration Scene shows Trajans army at Danube river soldiers at Dacia and overall Trajan shows as a great commander of his army and defeat of his barbarian enemies The original statue of nude emperor Trajan was replaced with St Peter o Panetheon ca 118 125 CE Temple of all Gods Rebuilt under Hadrian originally created under Agrippa 142 feet tall and wide Rome Italy It s plan is basically the intersection of 2 circles which represents harmony Dome and circular structure is seen as orb of the earth and vault of the heavens Corinthian columns are at entrance Rotunda circular room Coffers sunken in panels in ceiling that create a pattern Decorative but also reduce weight of dome Oculus central opening which illuminates dome and casts light in moving ways like the sun In the pantheon this oculus represents the heavens while acting as a light sources and cooling ventilation system Inspired Thomas Jefferson s Rotunda at University of Virginia and Low Memorial library at Columbia University o Hadrian s Villa at Tivoli ca 125 135 CE Italy An architectural complex of many buildings gardens and lakes The Canal aka the reflecting pool Buildings were not large but were extremely complex and each section was meant to represents Hadrian s favorite places of the Empire Portraits and Sculptures of High Empire o Portrait bust of Hadrian as General ca 130 138 CE Tel Shalem Israel Sculpted in bronze Hadrian was fluent in Greek and was educated in greek tradition Was considered a good and powerful ruler Interests in Greek art are reflect in the art under his rule o Pedestal of Column of Antonius Pius 161 CE Pius Rome Italy It was damaged then was later restored Apotheosis of Antonius Pius and Faustina Classical influence Shows Mars Roma and Eternity Decursio Shows floating patches
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