ARTS 149 1st Edition Lecture 19 Continuation of Early Empire- Colosseum (ca. 70 -80 CE)o Aka Flavian Ampitheatero Rome, Italyo Opened in 80 CE with 100 days of games Place of gladiatorial combats, slaughter of animals and public executionso Built over Nero’s artificial lake at the Golden Houseo Flooded for 3000 person naval battleo Became known as colloseum because of the gigantic statue of Nero called Colossus that stood outside of ito Beneath the floor of the colosseum were rooms and tunnels for athletes, performers, animals and equipment o Could hold 50,000 spectators on its 3 levelso There are 3 levels w arches and engaged columns and each of these levels use adifferent architectural design (with increasing complexity) Plain Tusca/doric n order on ground Ionic on second level Corinthian on third level o The attic level has windows decorated with cartouches (gilded bronze shield shaped ornaments) o Originally covered in marble- Sculpture of Early Empire o Portrait of Vespasian (ca. 75 – 79 CE) Carved in Marble About a foot tall We see Veristic tradition return  Early Empire Romeo Portrait of Bust of a Flavian Woman (ca. 90 CE) Carved in marble Shows idealized beauty and contemporary fashion  RomeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Drillwork was used here – a technique used where rapid cutting of deep groves with straight sides is created (used in curls of hair)o Arch of Titus (ca. 81 CE) Rome, Italy Built by Domitian, Flavian ruler Created in honor of capture of Jerusalem in conquests of Judea Originally, the arch was the base of a giant bronze statue of the emperor; it was lost Columns- Engaged columns of composite typeo Aka ionic and Corinthian  We see Victories on the Spandrels (part of arch between the circular curve of the arch and the rectangular border)Introduction to High Empire- About High Empireo Greatest geographic expanse of roman empire occurs during this time periodo Empire secures borderso Pax Romana – roman peaceo Art was used as propaganda o Empire Extended from Scotland to Arabia - High Empire Architectureo These architectural projects were meant to transform capital to shows the magnificent rule of this time periodo Trajan and Hadrian were major in these time periods and the architecture during this time was built under themo Forum of Trajan  Rome, Italy High Empire A dense building plan  Designed by Greek architect Apollodorus of Damascus  Had a temple, libraries, arch of Trajan, Basilica, Column of Trajan  Basilica Ulpia (112 CE)- is a large rectangular building with extensive interior space usedfor many functions of the government o Column of Trajan (ca 112 CE) Rome, Italy The columns spirals up and is covered in relief decoration Scene shows Trajans army at Danube river, soldiers at Dacia, and overall Trajan shows as a great commander of his army and defeat of his barbarian enemies  The original statue of nude emperor Trajan was replaced with St. Peter o Panetheon (ca 118 -125 CE) “Temple of all Gods’  Rebuilt under Hadrian, originally created under Agrippa 142 feet tall and wide Rome, Italy It’s plan is basically the intersection of 2 circles which represents harmony- Dome and circular structure is seen as orb of the earth and vault of the heavens Corinthian columns are at entrance  Rotunda – circular room  Coffers – sunken in panels in ceiling that create a pattern - Decorative but also reduce weight of dome Oculus – central opening which illuminates dome and casts light in moving ways like the sun - In the pantheon this oculus represents the heavens while acting as a light sources and cooling/ventilation system  Inspired Thomas Jefferson’s Rotunda at University of Virginia and Low Memorial library at Columbia Universityo Hadrian’s Villa at Tivoli (ca. 125 – 135 CE) Italy An architectural complex of many buildings, gardens and lakes The Canal – aka the reflecting pool  Buildings were not large but were extremely complex and each section was meant to represents Hadrian’s favorite places of the Empire- Portraits and Sculptures of High Empireo Portrait bust of Hadrian as General (ca. 130 – 138 CE) Tel Shalem, Israel  Sculpted in bronze Hadrian was fluent in Greek and was educated in greek tradition Was considered a good and powerful ruler Interests in Greek art are reflect in the art under his rule o Pedestal of Column of Antonius Pius (161 CE) Pius, Rome, Italy It was damaged then was later restored Apotheosis of Antonius Pius and Faustina - Classical influence- Shows Mars, Roma, and Eternity  Decursio - Shows floating