ARTS 149 1st Edition Lecture 29 Introduction to South and Southeast Asia South and Southeast Asian Art o Torso of a Priest King Mohenjo Daro An ancient city ruins Only small artifacts were found from this civilization No wall paintings were found Made of sciotite local soapstone Appearance Closely trimmed beard closed eyes thick lips long slitted eyes Trifoil motif looks like clover represents deities and celestial bodies Arm band may indicate reign Comparable to Sumerican art o Lion Capital From Ashokan Pillar at Sarnath In Uttar Pradesh India Apart of Maurya Dynasty Under Ashoka o Most famous and popular of Maurya Indian Rulers o Converted to Buddhism o Sent many missionaries out to convert people to Buddhism o Placed pillars stone all over and carved them from a single block of stone Abascus of Captial Contains 4 animals and 4 wheels 4 animals represent the 4 corners of the world 4 lions are on the capital Similar to art in Persepolis Made of Chunar tan sandstone with Mauryan Polish About Buddhism o Buddah was born as prince Siddhartha Gautama and became enlightened one These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Also known as Shakyamuni He achieved complete enlightenment and nirvana o Salvation Achieved through individual work and good deeds o Chakra the wheel o Dharma law o Reincarnation the endless process of all beings dying and being reborn this is bad and is a constant burden o Karma how you are reborn is determined by potive and negative actions you do in this life ultimately you want no karma neither good or bad which will lead to the right mindset o Nirvana the secession of reincarnation by getting rid of all past actions habits and attitudes not to be confused with enlightenment Buddhist Art o Great Stupa at Sanchi Earliest surviving stupa burial mound which contains a relic from Buddha s cremated body Ashoka opened the few stupas that first existed and dispersed the relics among different areas Plan of Great Stuppa Key terms Axis mundi cosmic axis at Yasti which corresponds to axis of universe 3 umbrellas represent 3 jewels of Buddhism Sangha monastic community Torana gateways oriented to 4 cardinal directions Horror Vacuui desire to cram every inch with figures or decoration Circumambulation ritual procession around monument as a form of worship Originally it would have been covered in stucco and gilded East Torana a gateway Has elephants and lions All the Toranas at Sanchi depict Buddah and his former lives Buddah is represented by a riderless horse o Trident symbolizes 3 levels of Buddhism Animals worshipping Budhi Tree o Located on East Torana o Aniconic Buddha not represented in human form Yakshi o Located on E Gateway o Yakshi goddesses worshipped and personified fertility o In the 3 bodied bend pose aka triponga People Worshipping Bodhi Tree o Bodhi represents Buddha People Worshipping Stuppa o Half birds half human celestial beings are seen Footsteps of Buddha o Buddha is not depicted as footsteps but rather that his presence was once there o Footprints empty seat are often used o Borodubur Central Java Indonesia Buddhist monument Largest Buddhist monument in the wold Contains stuppas Buddhist monuments Buddha statues and relics Watch video on notes
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