ARTS 149 1st Edition Lecture 20 Continuation of High Empire Portraits and Sculpture of High Empire o Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius ca 175 CE Rome Italy Carved in Bronze Originally thought to be Constantine by Pope Paul III and that is the reason why it survives today Sculpture was larger than life 11ft 6 inches tall Shows how he was a powerful emperor Naturalistic and individualized Typical roman style is seen here Sculpture inspired equestrian statues in the Renaissance Marcus Aurelius as Ruler He was one of the last 5 Good Emperors of Rome includes Trajan and Hadrian He was a philosopher emperor Wrote the Meditations in Greek o Portrait of Marcus ca 175 180 CE He is showed more aged and worried Burden of ruling world wide empire Wear of constant warfare on frontiers o Sarcophagus of Myth of Orestes ca 140 150 CE Burials were becoming more popular again over cremation Due to influence of Christianity and Eastern Religions Idea of afterlife for human body The sarcaophagus was placed in a niche It was against a wall so there are only carvings on front and 2 sides Carved in the side was Greek Myth of Orestes Orestes kills his mother and her lover because her lover kills Agamemnon Orestes father o We also see Orestes asking for forgiveness at Oracle of Delphi to Athena o Asiatic Sarcophagus with Kline portrait of a woman ca 165 170 CE These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Rapolla Italy An Eastern sarcophagus which means there is carvings on all 4 sides o Commodus as Hercules ca 190 CE Commodus was the son of Marcus Aurelius He was a poor ruler very vain and selfish He was assassinated He thought he was the reincarnated Hercules and Zeus This portrait shows Classical Appearance and Individualized o End of High Empire Roman power was declining due to Problems at frontier Civil war erupting Declining economy Occurs at End of Antoine dynasty After the assassination of Commodus Spread of Christianity and Eastern Cults Introduction to Late Empire Late Empire o Civil war ends o Severus Dynasty begins first African Emperor o Soldier Emperors from 235 284 o Trajan Decius persecution of Christians o Tribonias Gallus an emperor Art under Caracalla Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus o Portrait of Caracalla ca 211 217 CE Carved in marble Late Empire He is seen as suspicious threatening He was depicted as a Military Man Seen in his beard scuf His haircut Does not show Pax Romana He was assassinated He granted Roman Citizenship to people in roman colonies o Baths of Caracalla Late Empire Bath house available to public Inspired the Turkish Baths Also included libraries gardens galleries shops Men and women bathed naked together Baths 3 rooms Hot Caldarium Cold frigidarium Medium Temperature Tepidarium Palestra gym Natatio pool was uncovered all other parts were covered Hypocaustym the system of hot air channels that heated baths from below and was supported by pillar tiles beneath floor Art of Era Of Solider Emperors during Late Empire o Heroic Portrait of Trebonias Gallus ca 251 253 CE Rome Italy Larger than life Image of brute force Very diferent than typical classical porportions Also very diferent depiction than typical Classical beautiful athlete o Battle of Romans and Barbarians ca 250 260 CE Rome Italy Carved in marble Deeply carved Shows Ludovisis emperor as fearless sprawled out and triumphant over death Very detailed and shows many scenes with barbarians horses trumpeters romans Late empire Original is located today in National Museum of Rome Original Lid was broken and then repaired now resides w a copy of the sarcophagus in the Germanic Central Museum Art during Shared Power Diocletians Tetarhy o During this time there was always an Augustus for both the East and West and a Cesar for both the East and West o St Marks Cathedral Late Empire Venice Italy Under Diocletian Agustus of the East and Maximianus Agustis of the West o Portrait of Four Tetarchs ca 305 CE Late Empire Carved in Porphyry a hard Egyptian rock Moved away from classicism Diferent proportion we seen large heads small shoulders Lack of drapery instead pattern of lines This sculpture represents harmony Emperor Constantine during Late Empire o Son of Cesar of West o Ruled with Lisinease until Constantine defeated him o Creates Constantinople o Christianity becomes de facto official religion of Roman Empire o Arch of Constantine ca 312 315 CE Late Period Rome Italy Celebrates the Victory over Maxentius at Milvian Bridge Re use of sculptures from Trajan Hadrian and Marcus Aurelius and these details are seen This was a way in which he tried to gain approval and likeness of the people because these were thought to be great emperors Association with good emperors We see a decline in creativity and technical skills Says Bringer of Peace Liberator of City We can see Winged victories Dacian Prisoners Roundels with classical associations o Boar hunt and sacrifice to gods Oratio a public speech from Marcus Aurelius and Hadrian Distribution of Largess Detail on north frieze of arch of Constantine Abstract Formal Flattened space Not naturalistic or individualized Not classical at all