ARTS 149 1st Edition Lecture 4 Current Lecture Introduction to Chapter 2 The Ancient Near East I Mesopotamia a Known as land between two rivers i The Tigress R and Euphrates R b Located in Modern Day Saudi Arabia c Fertile Crescent location of many agricultural resources d Land was subject to invasion i Constant warfare occurred e Climate i Difficult lots of flooding ii Most Gods were about weather and Nature f Each city state had its own deity II Technology of Mesopotamian Civilizations a Brick kilns b Textile workshops c Increase in trade III Sumerian Empire a Began 3 000 BCE b A polytheistic society c Leaders considered Gods represented on Earth d City state Structure i Temples were placed in middle nucleus of city state ii Businesses and houses built around temples iii Cities had tall walls around them for protection iv Cities often went to war because of water resources e Division of labor i Specifically in the agricultural system f Inventions i Calendars ii Constellations iii Zodiac iv Wheel v Mathematics g Development of writing i Cuneiform wedge shaped writing These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute IV V ii Created with a stylus on clay iii First created at the same time as hieroglyphics writing h White Temple and Ziggurat i Located in Urak Iraq ii Made of mud brick and originally had white washed walls iii The temples like the white temple were only meant for priets iv Cella 1 The central hall and location of the altar 2 These were also considered to be waiting rooms where priest waited to meet with deity What is a Ziggurat a A large stepped platform located in city center b Usually names of these temples meant something along the lines of house of mountain or between heaven and earth c Purposes i To proclaim wealth of rulers ii To worship deities d Properties of Ziggurats i Compass point orientation 1 Meaning corners of temple pointed in either north east south or west ii Battered sides 1 Meaning that they leaned inwards iii Exterior Buttressing iv Bent stairways Art from Sumerian Empire a Presentation of Offerings to Inanna ca 3 200 3 000 BCE i A vase of ceremonial purposes created from alabaster ii An example of narrative art 1 People present offerings to Inanna on vase iii Incorporated registers 1 These were bands that separate parts of the artwork on the vase 2 Modern day registers comic books iv Hierarchy of Scale in used 1 Meaning most important figures are the largest in size a i e Inanna is the largest person on vase b Statuettes of Worshippers from Square Temple ca 2 7000 BCE i Hundreds of these have been found in Eshnunna Iraq ii Made of gypsum and inlaid with shell and black limestone iii Purpose 1 They represent mortal worshippers and act as substitute worshippers iv Appearance 1 2 3 4 VI Solemn Cylindrical in shape Bare and big footed Huge wide eyes a Wide eyes are meant to indicate that they are always awake and worshipping b Looking upwards to gods c Standard of Ur ca 2 600 BCE i Two sided made of wood and inlaid with shell lapis lazuli and limestone 1 One side representing War and the other representing Peace ii An example of narrative art d Bull headed Lyre ca 2 600 BCE i Is made of wood and inlaid with gold lapis lazuli and shell ii The Bull is very realistic and has a beard e Soundbox of Lyre from Tomb ca 2 600 BCE i Within panels it shows a Heraldic Pose 1 Meaning symmetrical on both sides of central feature ii Also shows a lot of Composite Creatures 1 Creatures that are half man and half animal f Cylindrical Seal ca 2 600 BCE i These were used as signs of status and acted similarly to a signature ii The one specifically shown in book class has cylindrical shape with engravings that leave the impression 1 Decorated with lapis lazuli and about 2 inches high Introduction to Akkadian Empire a Main rulers included Sargon I and Naram Sin b Had first developed kingship i Government was based on a king not city state like the Sumerian Empire c Polytheistic d War like people and civilization e Epic of Gilgamesh i A clay tablet that tells a story of a man named Gilgamesh ii Gilgamesh wants secret of immortality and seeks to find man and woman who survived the world flood iii He also find a plant that give him life but he loses it iv In the end he dies like all men
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