ARTS 149 SutherlandExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 2 - 10Lecture 2 (January 23rd)Introduction to the Stone Age and Prehistoric ArtWhat are the three periods of the Stone Age? Describe their root meanings. Paleolithic – “Old” + “Stone”Mesolithic – “Middle” + “Stone”Neolithic – “New” + “Stone”What were the people of the Paleolithic like, in general? What were their houses like? What kind of art did they make?People – Nomadic, followed animals and acted mainly as food and gatherersHouses – Mammoth-bone HousesArt – ranged from wall art to jewelry to stone weapons/toolsWhat is Art? Example?Definition – deliberate and requiring thought and effortExample – Decorated OcherDescribe the Human with Feline Head.Found in Germany, Paleolithic Era, Carved in Mammoth Ivory, Oldest Zoomorphic SculptureDescribe Nude Woman.Found in Austria, Paleolithic Era, Carved into Limestone, Emphasis of fertility and sexual body partsDescribe Woman from Brassempouy.Found in France, Paleolithic, Carved into IvoryDescribe Bison with Turned Head.Found in France, Paleolithic Era, Carved into Reindeer HornDescribe Two Bison. Found in France, Paleolithic Era, High Relief Clay SculpturesWhere are the 4 locations of Cave Paintings from Prehistoric Era? Which is the oldest? What were the purposes of these paintings?Chauvet (Oldest), Lascaux, Altamira, Pech-MerlePurpose(s)??: Aesthetics, Sympathetic Magic, Worship, Teaching, ShamanismDescribe the Hall of Bears. Found in Chauvet Caves, Paleolithic Era, Shading Describe Hall of Bulls.Found in Lascaux Caves, Paleolithic Era, Twisted Perspective Describe Bird-headed man with BisonFound in Lascaux Caves, Paleolithic Era, First representation of Man Lecture 3 (January 26th)Mesolithic and Neolithic ErasDescribe the Human Figure. Found in Jordan, Neolithic, Twigs covered in Plaster and inlaid with Shell, Many of these were foundDescribe Sculptured Heads. Found in Jericho (Today’s Jordan), Neolithic Era, Real Human skulls painted and plastered to appear life-likeDescribe Deer Hunt.Found in Catal Hoyuk (Modern-day Turkey), Neolithic Era, Paintings on walls of houses, differs from Paleolithic depiction of man because more realistic Describe Landscape with Volcanic EruptionFound in Catal Hoyuk, Neolithic Era, Paintings on Walls, Considered first NarrativeDescribe Fertility Goddess.Found in Catal Hoyuk, Neolithic Era, Baked ClayWhat is Stonehenge? What was its Purpose? Henge refers to a circle, this circle was made of giant stone called megaliths and heel stonesLocated in Salisbury Plain, England, Neolithic EraPurpose??: Solar Calendar, Predicts Solar Eclipses, Burial Site/Ancestral WorshipLecture 4 (January 28th) Introduction to The Ancient Near East: Sumerian and Akkadian EmpireWhere is Mesopotamia Located? What was it like?“Land between two rivers” – Tigress and Euphrates R. Located – Modern day Saudi ArabiaClimate – difficult with a lot of flooding, but allowed for many agricultural resourcesWhat were the inventions of Sumerian Empire, the First Empire of Mesopotamia? Inventions – Calendars, Constellations, Zodiac, wheel, Mathematics, Cuneiform, Ziggurats Describe White Temple and Ziggurat.Found in Iraq, Sumerian Empire, Made of mud-brick and white-washed wallsDescribe Presentation of Offerings to Inanna .Found in Iraq, Sumerian Empire, Alabaster Vase, Incorporated Registers and Hierachy of Scale, Example of Narrative Art Describe Statuettes of Worshippers from Square Temple. Found in Iraq, Sumerian Empire, Made of gypsum and inlaid with black limestone, represent mortal worshippers and act as a substitute Describe Standard of Ur. Found in Iraq, Sumerian Empire, Two-sided wooden part of tomb, One side represents War and the other represents PeaceDescribe Bull-headed Lyre.Found in Ur, Iraq, Sumerian Empire, made of wood and gold and lapis lazuliDescribe Soundbox of Lyre from Tomb. Found in Ur, Iraq, Sumerian Empire, Shows Heraldic Pose and Composite FiguresDescribe Cylindrical Seals. Found in Ur, Iraz, Sumerian Empire, used as signs of status and acted as a signatureDescribe Epic of GilgameshClay tablet carved in relief, Akkadian Empire, Tells story of GilgameshLecture 5 (January 30th)Continuation of Ancient Near East: Akkadian, Neo-Sumerians, Babylonian, Hittites Asyrian EmpireDescribe Akkadian RulerFound in Nineveh, Iraq, Akkadian Empire, carved in Copper, symbolic meaning behind inlaid ears/eyes and damage to faceDescribe Victory Stele of Naram-SinFound in Susa, Iran, Akkadian Empire, Carved into Pink Sandstone, Narrative Art and Hierarchy ScaleDescribe Seated Statue of Gudea Holding Temple PlanFound in Girsu, Iraq, Neo-Sumerian Empire, Carved into DioriteDescribe Ziggurat of Ur. Found in Ur, Iraq, Neo-Sumerian Empire, Made of Mud-bricks, created from King Urmammu and temple is placed on 3 steps Describe Stele with The Code of Hammurabi Found in Iran, Babylonian Empire, carved into diorite, shows Hammurabi in prayer before sun god and cuneiform description of legal laws sent from sun god Describe the Lion Gate. Found in Turkey, Hittite Empire, carved high relief in limestone, composite figures carvedDescribe Lamassus (Guardians of Citadel Gate during Sargon II_Found in Iraq, Assyrian Empire during Sargon II rule, Carved into limestone, Composite figures that guarded the entrance where people would go through to meet the kingLecture 6 (February 2nd)Continuation of Ancient Near East: Neo-Babylonian and Persian EmpireIntroduction of Egyptian ArtDescribe Gate of Ishtar. What is the modern Ishtar Gate? Who excavated Ishtar’s Gate?Description – Located in Babylon, Iraq, Neo-Babylonian Period under Nebuchadnezzar II rule, made of brick and glazed with blue glass, decorated with lions/dragons/bulls/stylized rosettesModern Ishtar Gate – was built by Saddam Hussein who tried to reconstruct Nebuchadnezzar’s empire on top of ruinsExcavation – performed by Germans and was removed and reconstructed in Berlin MuseumWhat was the Persian Empire known for? (3)Making Arabic Official Language, Freeing Israelites from Babylonian Captivity, Fighting Greeks during Greco-Persian War Describe Darius and Xerxes Receiving TributeFound in Persepolis (Iran), Persian Empire, Relief sculpture carved in limestone and painted brightlyWhat was the Rosetta Stone? Who created it? Why is it important?Created during Ptolemy’s reign and told story with both Greek language and hieroglyphicsAllowed us to decipher hieroglyphics, a language