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TAMU ARTS 149 - Continuation of Ancient Near East
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ARTS 149 1st Edition Lecture 5 Current LectureContinuation of Ancient Near EastI. Art of Akkadian Empire (Continued…)a. Head of Akkadian Ruler (ca. 2,000 – 2,200 BCE)i. Life-sized, hollow head of a man sculpture ii. Most likely is a representation of ideal picture of rulers and man, not a specific ruler1. His long beard and elaborate hair support this ideaiii. Some deliberate and possibly Symbolic meaning behind inlaid ears/eyesand damage to faceb. Victory Stele of Naram-Sin (ca. 2,254 – 2,218 BCE)i. A 6 ½ foot carving in sandstone; shape and surface of sandstone was used in the artwork to create the mountains and other parts of sceneii. Purpose1. Acts as a narrative piece to depict Naram-Sin’s greatest military victoriesiii. 3 representations of deity (specifically sun god) are seen in the carving 1. Rayed sun/stars2. Horned helmet or crown 3. Hierarchy Scale II. Neo-Sumerian a. Revival of Sumerian Empire, Culture and Literaturei. However Akkadian as still spoken among peopleb. Religion – polytheism c. Agricultural people and continuation of trade III. Art During Neo-Sumerian Empirea. Seated Statue of Gudea Holding Temple Plan (ca. 2,100 BCE)i. Created by Gudea, the ruler, built from diorite (a very hard rock, difficultto carve)ii. Represents Gudea’s just, powerful and strong rule iii. Appearance of Gudea1. He wears long clothing covered in cuneiform inscriptions2. Holds a prayer which presents his plan to the god Ningirsuiv. This votive-like statue also shows the reappearance of votive statuettes that were seen in early Sumerian traditionsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Ziggurat of Ur (ca. 2,100 BCE)i. Created under rule of Kind Urmammu of Ur ii. Ziggurat was dedicated to mood god, Nanna (aka Sin)iii. Like previous ziggurats, made of mud-bricks iv. Temple is set atop of three sets of stairs/levels1. Not only symbolic reasons for stepped levels; these levels helpedto prevent rainwater from eroding the pavements IV. Babylonian Empire a. Existed under rule of Hammurabi b. Polytheistic society with a supreme god, Mardukc. Stele with The Code of Hammurabi (ca, 1,780 BCE)i. Written legal code of laws and penalties for breaking these laws1. Written in cuneiform ii. “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a broken bone for a broken bone. . .”iii. Carved into diorite slabiv. At top of stele, pictures Hammurabi in prayer before Sun god, Shamash1. Represents that these are god-given lawsV. Hittites a. Located in modern-day Turkeyb. Independent culture from the Mesopotamian reignc. Considered first to work with irond. Created weapons, chisels and hammers for sculpting and mason-work e. Involved in a lot of metal-work artf. Government was based on Kingg. Art and Site creates by Hittitesi. Lion Gate (ca. 1,400 BCE)1. Blocks of limestone carved into 7-foot door frames 2. Varying creatures were carved in high relief onto these blocksa. Half-human-half-animals, Lionsii. Peace Treaty 1. A cuniform tablet created in Hittite kingdom because of war withEgyptians a. Battle of KadeshVI. Assyrian Empire a. Controlled Mesopotamia from 1,400 BCE to 600 BCEb. Reign was heavy in warfarei. Spread all the way far west Egypt before their fallc. Main Rulers – Sargon II and Ashurbanipal d. Created highly protected cities with palaces withini. Palaces were decorated with low relief-carved scenes of battle, victories, and huntingii. Buildings were strong and made of limestone and alabastere. Art of Assyrian Empirei. Lamassus (Guardians of Citadel Gate during Sargon II) 1. ca. 750 – 705 BCE2. carved in limestone 3. guarded entrance to gates of citadel, people would pass by whengoing to meet with king4. appearancea. bearded head of man with lion body and wings of eagleb. also have a horned crown that symbolizes the deity ii. Ashurbanipal Hunting Lions (ca. 875 – 860 BCE)1. Carved in relief in gypsum and covered in alabaster2. Depicts a lion-hunting sceen with Ashurbanipal on a chariot a. Most likely a ceremonial hunt 3. Differs from other Mesopotamia art because it is not solemn or religious in nature, more


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TAMU ARTS 149 - Continuation of Ancient Near East

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