ARTS 149 1st Edition Lecture 8 Egypt Art Continuation of Old Kingdom ca 2 575 2 134 and Introduction to Middle Kingdom ca 2 030 1 640 BCE I II Pyramids of Giza Continued a Placement of Pyramids i Located on west side of Nile ii Facing east and the rising sun b Two Temples of the Pyramid Complex i Mortuary temple of Khafre and Valley temple of Khafre ii Rituals would be performed in both and then his body would be placed in his burial chamber iii Smaller pyramids and mastabas of royal family flanked the temples c Pyramid of Khafre i Highest evaluation so it appears as largest but it is smaller than pyramid of Khufu ii 4th Pharaoh d Conservation of pyramids i Quite a lot of it ii Amount of visitors per day is controlled 1 150 people in morning and 150 in evening e Gallery in Pyramid of Khufu i Large rectangular blocks that make up the pyramid can easily be seen ii Located between queen s chamber and king s chamber Sculpture of Old Kingdom a Substitute of the perishable body as a place for Ka if mummy was destroyed b Great Sphinx ca 2 500 BCE i Old Kingdom ii It guards the city of the dead iii It is a symbol of the sun iv Believed to be of the pharaoh Khafre v Shown with body of animal and face of Pharaoh Khafre showing that he has the intelligence of Human but strength and ability of the King of animals the lion vi Preservation of Great Sphinx 1 A retaining wall was built by the Romans 2 Sometimes it is completely covered by sand so that it isn t eroded by wind These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute vii Faces rising sun viii Similar to Lamassu from the Citadel of Sargon II 1 Both are composite figures 2 Both are large 3 Both are representative of a ruler 4 Both symbolize protection c Khafre ca 2 520 2 494 BCE i Old Kingdom ii Made of diorite super hard rock iii Found in Gizeh iv Details of sculpture that indicate it is the pharaoh Khafre 1 Nemes Headdress 2 False beard 3 Ureas cobra 4 Wings of Horus are on back of head a Horus was believed to be the actual brother of the Pharaoh v Shown as very muscular vi Lotus and papyrus plant seen and is symbolic of unification vii Sits on throne in compact way 1 Meant to last for eternity viii Canon of Proportions 1 A grid geometric system that would allow for person to be proportioned 2 This use made many sculptures the same size d Menkaure and Khamerernebty ca 2 490 2 472 BCE i Old Kingdom ii Carved into slate iii Used cannon of proportions iv Typical Egyptian stance is seen right foot forward in stride and faceforward v Wife is seen touching arm of pharaoh and her arm is around his waste this was a typical depiction of marital status vi Traces of red paint was found on Pharaoh which was typically used on males in Egyptian art e Seated Scribe ca 2 450 2 350 i Old Kingdom ii Painted limestone sculpture iii He is seen seated writing on a scroll and looking alert iv He differs from Kings Pharaoh sculptures in that he is shown in a naturalistic way not idealized 1 He is not muscular flabby stomach 2 He has sunken in cheeks III IV 3 He is seen sitting on ground not standing in stride f Ka Aper ca 2 450 2 350 i Old Kingdom ii Again shown in a naturalistic way and we can tell he is not a king 1 Larder belly iii But he does show typical Egyptian conventions in that he is 1 Seen in a formal way 2 He is stiff in his stature 3 Shown with right foot forward in stride iv He is carved into wood v He is an official vi Most wooden artifacts from ancient Egypt rotted and deteriorated 1 This was one preserved because it was in an airtight tomb Paintings of Old Kingdom a Purpose i Created to serve the needs of the dead ii Let us know what they would have needed during their life time what typical Egyptian life was like b Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt ca 2 450 2 350 i Old Kingdom ii Relief painting on limestone in mastaba of Ti iii Appearance 1 Depicts a hunting scene in Egyptian times a successful hunt was considered to be conquering forces of evil 2 Surroundings are free looking natural a He is seen within a papyrus swamp with fish and hippos in the water b Birds and foxes in trees 3 Pharaoh however is depicted in typical stiff Egyptian style a Torso faces us b Legs feet and face are facing forward in profile c Hierarchy scale is also seen here Middle Kingdom ca 2 050 1 640 BCE a Civil unrest exists during this time b Invasions of the Hykos also occurs c Head of Senusret III ca 1 850 i Carved into yellow quartzite ii Different from old kingdom art in that the ruler is shown to be 1 emotionally drained from his rule 2 showing some crease lines at cheeks and eyes are sunken in 3 Whereas old kingdom rulers i e Khafre were always shown as confident and serene and idealized d Rock cut Tombs in Beni Hasan ca 1 950 1900 BCE i During 11th and 12th dynasties of middle kingdom tombs were hollowed out of cliffs ii Portico entrance to rock cut tomb iii Also included a main hall burial chamber and chapel iv In the tombs of Beni Hasan there were painted scenes on interior walls e Paintings of Beni Hasan Tombs during Middle Kingdom i Painting of Picking Figs 1 Here the upper torsos are seen in more life like profile posture not like typical old kingdom forward facing style of royals