BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment L3 GRQs A Tour of the Cell Reading Objectives Describe properties of all cells relative to surface area structural components and function Differentiate bacteria plant and animal cell structures Describe the structure and function of eukaryotic cell components Explain how proteins are secreted from a eukaryotic cell Describe how diabetes occurs and how cell signaling is involved Module 4 2 The small size of cells relates to the need to exchange materials across the plasma membrane 1 Why can t cells get very big the volume of a cell a Cells can t get very big because they need to have a large surface area to serve i Large cells have more surface area but they have a smaller surface area relative to their volume 2 As cell size increases what happens to its surface to volume ratio a It decreases 3 What is the structure and function of the plasma membrane a Function The plasma membrane regulates the flow of material into and out of the cell b Structure Consists of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins Modules 4 3 4 4 Prokaryotic cells are structurally simpler than eukaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells are partitioned into functional compartments 1 There are two kinds of cells in nature 2 All cells have some features in common list them define any you aren t familiar with a Prokaryotic b Eukaryotic Cytosol The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm Chromosomes gene carrying structure found in eukaryotic cells nucleus is most visible during mitosis and meiosis It consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins Ribosomes tiny structures that make proteins according to instructions from the genes Plasma Membranes Fimbriae Ribosomes BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment 3 Draw figure 4 3 a bacterium for yourself Label and be sure to define each part Take note of what a prokaryotic cell contains so that you can easily see what it is missing compared to a eukaryotic cell Plasma Membrane Cell Wall Nucleoid Capsule Flagella 4 Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells a Both types of cells have plasma membranes chromosomes and ribosomes Prokaryotic cells are a lot smaller compared to eukaryotic Prokaryotic cells don t have a nucleus and have different ribosomes 5 What is the advantage for the cell in having compartments within a eukaryotic cell a The fluid filled spaces are located where specific chemical conditions are maintained They favor the metabolic processes occurring in each compartment 6 Compare and contrast a plant cell and an animal cell Examine diagrams of typical organelles of plant and animal cells what differences do you see Modules 4 5 4 6 The nucleus contains the cell s genetic insrtuctions Ribosomes make protesin for use in the cell and for export 1 Name and sketch the structure that matches the functional description of each component a The cell s genetic instructions inside the nucleus DNA BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment b A barrier separating the cell s genetic information from the cell s cytosol Endoplasmic That the cell makes a lot of proteins Free ribosomes in the cytosol They function within the cytosol ex enzymes c How materials enter and exit the nucleus Plasma Membrane Reticulum 2 DNA is transcribed into another set of instructions called mRNA that directs protein synthesis 3 A cell with many ribosomes structural characteristic tells you what about this cell s function 4 What is the difference between proteins that are made by free ribosomes in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope These make proteins that will be exported from the cell Modules 4 8 4 10 4 12 The endoplasmic reticulum is a biosynthetic workshop The Golgi apparatus modifies sorts and ships cell products Lysosomes are digestive compartments within a cell A review of the structures involved in manufacturing and breakdown 1 The rough ER and Golgi form a functional unit that help to produce what for the cell Describe this process Drawing will help you work through biological processes 2 What is the function of lysosomes The lysosome provides an acidic environment for its enzymes to digest 3 What is one disease associated with malfunction of the lysosomal enzymes Tay Sachs disease Modules 4 13 4 15 Mitochondria harvest chemical energy from food Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved by endosymbiosis 1 What is the function of mitochondria Do prokaryotes animal cells or plant cells have mitochondria The mitochondria is an organelle that carries out the cellular respiration process 2 What is the function of chloroplasts Do prokaryotes animal cells or plant cells have chloroplasts The rough ER and Golgi form a functional unit that helps produce Proteins for the cells Animal cells and plant cells have mitochondria BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment This organelle carries out complex processes that allow plants and algae to use photosynthesis Only Plant cells have chloroplasts 3 Draw pictures of a mitochondrion and a chloroplast as the structures of these become very important to our discussion of cellular respiration and photosynthesis What are the names of each compartment space Be sure they are labeled on your pictures 4 All eukaryotes have mitochondria but not all eukaryotes have chloroplasts Can you propose an evolutionary explanation for this observation In the plant kingdom they realized that the mitochondria didn t have enough energy and those that were born with a chloroplast ended up living longer by using the process of photosynthesis to make energy Module 4 16 The cell s internal skeleton helps organize its structure and activities 1 What is the function of the cytoskeleton The function of a cytoskeleton is to provide structural support for a cell 2 What are three protein fibers that make up the cytoskeleton Microtubules intermediate filaments microfilaments BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online
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