BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment L3 GRQs A Tour of the Cell Reading Objectives Describe properties of all cells relative to surface area structural components and function Differentiate bacteria plant and animal cell structures Describe the structure and function of eukaryotic cell components Explain how proteins are secreted from a eukaryotic cell Describe how diabetes occurs and how cell signaling is involved Module 4 2 The small size of cells relates to the need to exchange materials across the plasma membrane 1 Why can t cells get very big cells need to have a surface area large enough to surface the volume of a cell active cells have a huge amount of traffic across their outer surface 2 As cell size increases what happens to its surface to volume ratio the surface to volume ratio decreases 3 What is the structure and function of the plasma membrane the plasma membrane forms a flexible boundary between the living cell and its surroundings traffic cop regulating the flow of material into and out of the cell the regions of the proteins within the center of the membrane are hydrophobic the exterior sections exposed to water are hydrophilic Modules 4 3 4 4 Prokaryotic cells are structurally simpler than eukaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells are partitioned into functional compartments 1 There are two kinds of cells in nature a b prokaryotic cells eukaryotic cells 2 All cells have some features in common list them define any you aren t familiar with filled with a think jelly like fluid called cytosol chromosomes which carry genes made of DNA ribosomes which are tiny structures that make proteins cytoplasm 3 Draw figure 4 3 a bacterium for yourself Label and be sure to define each part Take note of what a prokaryotic cell contains so that you can easily see what it is missing compared to a eukaryotic cell BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment 4 Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells eukaryotic cells are much more complex and have a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles 5 What is the advantage for the cell in having compartments within a eukaryotic cell increased surface area for energy production 6 Compare and contrast a plant cell and an animal cell Examine diagrams of typical organelles of plant and animal cells what differences do you see animal cells have centrosomes and lysosomes whereas plant cells do not plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts Modules 4 5 4 6 The nucleus contains the cell s genetic insrtuctions Ribosomes make protesin for use in the cell and for export 1 Name and sketch the structure that matches the functional description of each component a The cell s genetic instructions inside the nucleus nucleus b A barrier separating the cell s genetic information from the cell s cytosol nuclear envelope c How materials enter and exit the nucleus pores BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment 2 DNA is transcribed into another set of instructions called messengers that directs protein synthesis 3 A cell with many ribosomes structural characteristic tells you what about this cell s function cells that make a lot of proteins have a large numbers of ribosomes 4 What is the difference between proteins that are made by free ribosomes in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope free and bound ribosomes are structurally identical and they can function in either location depending on the protein they are making Modules 4 8 4 10 4 12 The endoplasmic reticulum is a biosynthetic workshop The Golgi apparatus modifies sorts and ships cell products Lysosomes are digestive compartments within a cell A review of the structures involved in manufacturing and breakdown 1 The rough ER and Golgi form a functional unit that help to produce what for the cell Describe this process Drawing will help you work through biological processes the process begins by synthesizing proteins in the ER when a bound ribosome follows the instructions of the mRNA where the polypeptide is formed into a 3D shape A glycoprotein is then formed by short chains of sugar that are linked to the polypeptide chain When the molecule is ready to be exported from the rough Er it s packed into a transport vesciel that move sit from the rough ER to the golgi apparatus the golgi serves as a dock that transports the vesicles from the ER 2 What is the function of lysosomes lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles and digest food often known as a recycling bin 3 What is one disease associated with malfunction of the lysosomal enzymes Tay Sachs disease BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment Modules 4 13 4 15 Mitochondria harvest chemical energy from food Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved by endosymbiosis 1 What is the function of mitochondria Do prokaryotes animal cells or plant cells have mitochondria the mitochondria is an organelle that carries out cellular respiration in all eukaryotic cells both animal and plant cells have mitochondria 2 What is the function of chloroplasts Do prokaryotes animal cells or plant cells have chloroplasts chloroplasts carry out complex multistep processes through chloroplasts energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy chloroplasts are found in plant cells 3 Draw pictures of a mitochondrion and a chloroplast as the structures of these become very important to our discussion of cellular respiration and photosynthesis What are the names of each compartment space Be sure they are labeled on your pictures I CAN T FIGURE OUT HOW TO DRAW THESE ON HERE this isn t me yelling its me just writing in caps locks so you see it sorry 4 All eukaryotes have mitochondria but not all eukaryotes have chloroplasts Can you propose an evolutionary explanation for this observation The endosymbiont theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts were formerly small prokaryotes that began living within larger cells the first endosymbiosis would have given rise to eukaryotic cells containing mitochondria a second endosymbiotic event gave rise to cells containing chloroplasts as well as mitochondria Module 4 16 The
View Full Document
Unlocking...