BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment L5 GRQs Cell Signaling with Hormones Reading Objectives Differentiate between chemical and electrical signaling to cells Describe how the two types of chemical signaling mechanisms affecting target cells differently Explain the consequences of endocrine disruptors Explain how testosterone and estrogen affect gender development Identify functions of enzymes and the conditions they work best Explain how enzymes are inhibited Modules 26 1 2 Chemical and electrical signals coordinate body functions Hormones affect target cells using two main signaling mechanism 1 What two type of signals does the body use to communicate the endocrine system and nervous system 2 How do they affect different responses in the body the signal are primarily electrical and are transmitted via nerve cells endocrine system initiate and maintain body functions 3 What does a target cell have that allows it to respond to a hormone secreted from a distant gland that a non target cell is lacking a target cell has specific receptors on its surface 4 List and describe the three stages of hormone signaling reception the hormone binds to a specific receptor transduction conversation between homorne s signal into a cellular response response response of the target cell to the hormonal signal 5 Are hormone receptors on the plasma membrane or inside cells depends on the type of hormone 6 Draw a quick diagram outlining the differences between water soluble hormone signaling vs lipid soluble hormone signaling BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment 7 Why can steroid hormones pass through the plasma and nuclear membranes because of its chemical properties it is lipid like and it can diffuse easily Modules 26 8 9 Diabetes is a common endocrine disorder The adrenal glands mobilize responses to stress 1 What organ secretes insulin and glucagon the pancreas 2 What are the target cells of insulin What affect does insulin have on cells liver and muscle cells an increase in glucose 3 What are the target cells of glucagon What affect does glucagon have on target cells liver and fat cells increase in glucose levels in the blood 4 Diabetes as a group of diseases affects 1 in 11 Americans What is diabetes diabetes is a hormonal disorder caused by the body s inability to produce or use insulin decreasing the absorption of glucose from the blood 5 Compare and contrast the differences in hormone signaling defects in type 1 vs type 2 diabetes type 1 diabetes are when there s a severe insulin deficiency type 2 is when the cells are less responsive to insulin even though insulin is present 6 What condition occurs if too much insulin is produced or injected hypolygemia ADDITONAL KNOWLEDGE FUN Check out this short 2 min video to about diagnosing diabetes Take notes if it helps you https www youtube com watch v bIhy Rb2xp4 Module 5 13 and 5 14 Enzymes speed up the cell s ractions by lowering energy barriers A specific enzyme catlayzes each cellular reaction 1 What does the activation energy of a chemical reaction specifically do to reactants they contort or weaken bonds in reactant molecules so they can break and new bonds can form 2 What do enzymes do to the activation energy BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment an enzyme speeds up a reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to begin 3 Draw a graph with two lines One line will represent a reaction without an enzyme and the other line will represent an enzyme catalyzed reaction Your Y axis should be labeled as increasing energy and your X axis should be labeled progress of reaction Be sure to label the activation energy for both reactions 4 True or False Defend you answer for each i e explain why a particular statement is true or correct a false statement false Enzymes are consumed in reactions enzymes are consumed in reactions true Substrate is another word for reactant true An enzyme and a substrate will bind to each other true Enzymes are specific to substrate true Active site refers to a part of the enzyme false Enzymes are always proteins rna molecules can act as enzymes 5 What conditions do most enzymes work best at Explain how the optimal conditions are related to the shape of molecules such as proteins temperature higher temperatures denature the enzyme altering the shape BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment 6 The cereal you ate this week even if it was Fruit Loops contained metals found on the periodic chart such as zinc and iron What are these metals doing in your cereal And wait is there a connection between chemistry and biology to add more nutrients into the cereal which are important for the diet Module 5 15 Enzyme inhibition can regulate enzyme activity in a cell 1 Examine Figure 5 15 Explain in your words what this illustration describes being sure to define all the vocabulary words from the illustration it shows the enzymes binding to the substrate normally and with a competitive inhibitor also with a noncompetitive inhibitor Module 5 16 Many drugs pesticides and poisons are enzyme inhibitors 1 The book discusses how the same enzyme that transmits nerve impulses can be inhibited in insects and lead to death but when inhibited in a slightly different way in humans can be used as anesthesia for surgical procedures What is the difference in this inhibition the same enzyme can be inhibited in different ways to produce positive effects in insects
View Full Document
Unlocking...