BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment L2 GRQs Structure Function of Macromolecules Reading objectives use these statements to study in a more open ended way Explain and give examples of the major themes in biology such as evolution flow of information structure and function transformation of matter and energy interactions within and between systems Describe differences in molecular bonds that hold organic molecules together Explain the structure and function and categorize the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates lipids proteins and nucleic acids Compare observational vs experimental studies and retrospective vs prospective studies Explain the evolution of lactose tolerance Modules 1 9 1 14 Themes of biology 1 There are five unifying themes in biology that we will discuss throughout the semester Expect overlap one topic we are learning about may provide examples of many themes List the five themes and a brief description of each before we go through each in more depth FOUNDATIONAL KNOWLEDGE FUN Check out this short 3 min video to review chemical bonds this is important when thinking about molecules in your body Take notes if it helps you https www youtube com watch v ts FuUp7b3c Module 3 1 Life s molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon 1 What is an organic compound 2 Based on your definition which one of these is an organic compound Water Carbon dioxide Glucose Module 3 2 A few chemical groups are key to the functioning of biological molecules 1 What does the word hydrophilic mean 2 What chemical groups can be found contained in the building blocks of proteins Module 3 3 Cells make large molecules from a limited set of small molecules 1 Think about making a necklace with small beads Use the necklace as an analogy to use the words macromolecule monomer polymer dehydration reaction and hydrolysis in sentences Can you draw an example 1 2 3 4 5 1 BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment Module 3 4 Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates 1 The monomers of carbohydrates are called Name a few from the reading 2 The use of sugars as both energy resources and organic building blocks clearly illustrates one of our five themes of life which one Module 3 5 Two monosaccharides are linked to form a disaccharide 1 Describe how two monosaccharides are joined and what forms when they are chemically joined Module 3 6 Are we eating too much sugar 1 How much sugar does the typical American consume daily Yearly 2 What correlation has the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES study made with increased sugar consumption Module 3 7 Polysaccharides are long chains of sugar units 1 Three of the polysaccharides listed below are made of glucose as a repeating monomer but it is assembled in different ways What are these three glucose based polysaccharides and what is each of their origin and function Glucose based polysaccharide name Function Energy storage or Structural Found in Plant or Animal 2 To break these down would this be hydrolysis or a dehydration reaction Can you draw it to refresh your memory Module 3 8 Fats are lipids that are mostly energy storage molecules 1 Most carbohydrates and other biological molecules are hydrophilic What chemical property describes fats and how they interact with water 2 What if any are the monomers of fats 3 Compare and contrast unsaturated and saturated fats in terms of where they can be found plant or animal 2 BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment 4 What is the main function of fats Module 3 10 Phospholipids and steroids are important lipids with a variety of functions 1 Draw and label a picture of a phospholipid cartoon form not the chemical structures Be sure to use these labels head tail hydrophobic hydrophillic Module 3 12 Proteins have a wide range of functions and structures 1 What are the monomers of proteins 2 A proteins function depends on it s When a protein unravels or unfolds we call this Module 3 13 Proteins are made from amino acids linked by peptide bonds 17 There are 20 different amino acids what part of each amino acid makes it different from the other amino acids Module 3 14 A Protein s functional shape results from four levels of structure FOUNDATIONAL KNOWLEDGE FUN Check out the first 1 5 minutes of this video to review protein structure Animations are also available in Mastering Take notes if it helps you https www youtube com watch v 1peFJ N7V8 1 Primary structure Amino acid join together through a dehydration reaction The covalent bonds between amino acids are known as bonds 2 Secondary structure bonds between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid Two types of secondary structure occur and 3 The three dimensional structure of a protein is called the structure When we talk about structure and function of proteins we are often focused on this level this 3D structure 4 Why do only some proteins have quaternary structure Module 3 15 The nucleic acids DNA and RNA are information rich polymers of nucleotides 1 What are the monomers of DNA called Does RNA have different monomers 2 The DNA sugar phosphate backbone is held together by covalent bonds What kinds of bonds hold the two strands of the double helix together 3 BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment Module 3 16 Lactose tolerance is a recent event in human evolution 1 Lactose tolerance is a mutation that has arisen many times in human evolution In which populations has this been naturally selected for as a useful adaptation 2 Many people are lactose intolerant and take a few pills before eating dairy foods What protein are these folks not able to produce What is in those pills 3 Are your ancestors from a region where you would expect lactose tolerance or intolerance Might you be lactose intolerant 4
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