EXAM 2 Political Islam May 29th 2015 I II OUTLINE Why do they hate us Brief History of Islam A Muhammad 570 632 B Ummah C Five Pillars Prayer Shahada Alms Ramadan Hajj D Christianity vs Islam Clash of Civilization Context 1 Quran Hadith and Sunna 2 Islam s Relationship to the state Role of Conquest Shariah E Caliphates 1 Orthodox or rightly Guided 632 61 A Four Uniting Bonds B Legitimists Shiites vs Umayyads Sunnis 2 Umayyad 661 750 3 Abbasid 750 1258 Seljuks Crusades Mongols Momluks 4 Ottoman Empire 1299 1923 Quraysh Abu Bakr Umar Uthman Ali Ataturk I Why do they hate us This was written right after 9 11 as we are trying to understand who is the enemy Huntington s answer is that we are fundamentally different We have very different culture based on different religious beliefs which puts us at odds with each other They Radical Islam Our goal is to better understand the middle east and Islam II Brief History of Islam A Muhammad 570 632 Islam is build on Judeo Christian foundations We all trace our lineage to Abraham but different sons Religious beliefs became corrupted over time Muhammad belief that reform was needed Muhammad is the prophet of Islam The angel Gabrielle gave a revelation to Muhammad which later became the Quran He recruited mostly from the low middle class He would establish himself as the Political leader religious leader and military leader In 622 Muhammad fled Mecca and when he did he would go to Medina He formed the Ummah which would translate to community He was forming a religious community where the people would be united together Forming this was taking down those differences that separated people and united them under Islam B Ummah EXAM 2 Islam is the world s second largest religion C Five Pillars Prayer Shahada Alms Ramadan Hajj 1 Prayer To be conducted five times a day facing Mecca 2 Shahada something Muslims will receipt three times in order to become a Muslim There is no god but god and Muhammad is his prophet 3 Alms giving charity to the poor 4 Ramadan The month of fast the 9th month of the lunar calendar 5 Hajj The pilgrimage to Mecca D Christianity vs Islam Clash of Civilization Context 1 Quran Hadith and Sunna Hadith is the sayings of the prophet The Sunna is based on the traditions and life of the prophet 2 Islam s Relationship to the state Role of Conquest Shariah Christians follow the separation between church and state Under Islam state and the religion are fused into one This is supported by the Shariah Islamic Law Christianity Jesus did not come as a conquered Islam Muhammad came as a conquered E Caliphates 1 Orthodox or rightly Guided 632 61 Muhammad died in 632 however he did not name a successor Caliphates Means the rule of the successor The first successor was Abu Bark Abu Bark would continue the expansion that was started by Muhammad Under his successor General Umar it continue to expand by way of military expansion through the use of diplomacy A Four Uniting Bonds 1 Religion 2 The law Sharia 3 Language 4 Trade direct bloodline B Legitimists Shiites vs Umayyads Sunnis The legitimists believed that to be a legitimate successor you had to be in his Umayyads didn t believe that you had to be in the direct bloodline but did believe you need to from the Quraysh tribe They are the majority 2 Umayyad 661 750 After Ali assassination there s a new leader he represents the Sunnis This is the golden age of Islam The rule became hereditary The Umayyad caliphate didn t last that long The first rulers tent to be strong and capable and that it tents to dwindle after that 3 Abbasid 750 1258 Seljuks Crusades Mongols Mamluks Is not as centralized as the Umayyad This is a continuation of the Golden Age Saw advances in the arts and literature sciences and math Seljuks Empire Circa 1100 Crusades centuries long battle between Christianity and Islam EXAM 2 Mongols moved toward modern day middle east Did not take the same approach as the Seljuks they allowed the caliphs to stay there The Mongols did not they burned it to the ground The Mongols were prevented from going any further by the Mamluks who set themselves up in Egypt 4 Ottoman Empire 1299 1923 This represents our last caliphate for Islam The sick man of Europe was the nickname for the Ottoman Empire by WWI Ottoman Empire fell and Turkey was formed The leader of this new state of Turkey is Mustafa Kemal nickname is Ataturk He destroyed the Caliphate And the Radicals hate him In 1924 Ataturk abolished the Caliphate Islam was to be removed from the government ISIS today has proclaimed themselves as the new caliphate Quraysh Muhammad was from this Tribe Abu Bakr Umar Uthman Assassinated Ali cousin of Muhammad was assassinated Ataturk Wahhabism to Militant Jihadism June 2 2015 EXAM 2 OUTLINE I 20th century Humiliation Mustafa Kemal Ataturk II Rise of Reform and Radical Islamic Extremism A Two Types of Reform 1 2 Internal Fundamentalism In Response to the West B Wahhabism 1 Muhammad Ibn Abd al Wahhab 1703 92 2 Conservative Teachings 3 Alliance with the Saud Family III Wahhabism to Jihadism A Saudi Connections to Extremism B The Double Edge Sword for the Saudis C Sayyid Qutb 1907 66 1 Radical Fundamentalism 2 Opposition to the West Western friendly Leaders 3 Notable Followers Omar Rahman and Osama bin Laden 4 Opposition to the Nation State System 5 Goal Review The power of the state manifest itself in the rule of the Caliphates In 1924 The Ottoman Empire had fallen a new state of Turkey was created under Mustafa Kemal In 1924 Ataturk had abolished the Caliphate His intent was to establish Turkey as a modern western state He began to work to secularize Turkey removing Islam from the schools government and judicial system This put Turkey in limbo it s not put into the Islamic civilization but it has not been accepted by the western world either Turkey just sits in the middle This delivered a catastrophic blow to political Islam and fraction the Uma the Muslim community The goal of the radical is to reestablish the caliphate and reestablish the unity of the Uma Israel is seen by as a western created state and a western backed state I II 20th century Humiliation Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Rise of Reform and Radical Islamic Extremism A Two Types of Reform 1 2 Internal Fundamentalism Getting back to the basics In Response to the West B Wahhabism 1 Muhammad Ibn Abd al Wahhab 1703 92 We have the internal reform We trace Wahhabism back to the teachings of Muhammad Ibn Abd al Wahhab He was from the Arabian Peninsula He
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