Carina Tenaglia INR 3003 Post Exam 1 Class Notes At the core of the nation state system in organic version Western democracy September 30 2014 I Post Cold War Predictions a Mearsheimer Hungtington Fukuyama i End of Cold War was in some ways a radical revolutionizing time ii What would new world look like a Power transition polarity no longer bipolar a Moving into age where cooperation would rule instead of 1 Realists 2 Liberals conflict 3 Huntington a Predicting huge clash of civilizations iii Fukuyama 1 Optimistic looking at how democracy prevailed w end of war Expected to see spread of democracy 2 New age of peace prosperity brought out by democracy 3 Thought we had achieved the end of history a Wrote article during 3rd wave 4 Distinct waves of democracy 3 b Fukuyama s End of history the end point of man s ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government i Not dealing with either realism OR liberalism ii Constructivism or identity perspective not recognized as a solid theory at this point but considered a perspective of IA 1 1990 s came into being end of Cold War 2 Identity issues core Ex political ideology culture norms values iii Views history as an evolution of ideas to reach the ideals of mankind s needs a For Fukuyama idea based they shape everything else b Ideas determine political organizations economic systems lead to wars etc II Waves of Democracy a 1st wave distinct takes hold in Europe i Until rise of authoritarian regimes WWI b 2nd wave end of WWII i Took hold of majority of European continent ii Across Latin America 1 Many countries fall away from it c 3rd wave end of Cold War i New surge of democracy in Latin America and in African continent III Fukuyama s End of History a Hegel i Georg Wilhelm Firedrich Hegel inspired Fukuyama 1 German philosopher 18 19th century 2 Interpreted history in a non materialist way a Before Karl Marx who looked materialist history 3 Trying to understand what drives mankind 4 Main characteristics of mankind Innate desire for survival food water shelter a b Ability to reason separates us from other animal species aids us in our desire for survival c Man has innate spiritedness that desires recognition i This desire leads to competition ex siblings ii Applying this to international realm states compete for recognition prestige 1 Power isn t the objective the objective is recognition prestige a Goals role of hegemon etc 2 Democracy comes into play as the great equalizer a At it s core there s a recognition of the individual s rights about the qualities of the individuals b Recognizes states as equal same with individuals i States don t need to challenge each other any more ii Should help to create less competitive int l system 1 Ex the premise of the UN b Preeminence of Ideas i Fukuyama sees history of evolution of dominant ideas which have shaped our political ideologies over time 1 Purpose to find the best political system to govern everyone a Answer liberal democracy 2 Preeminence of ideas 3 Seeing history in different ways ideas core of all of this c Teleological History i How Fukuyama sees history as linear and natural process ii Does not see history as random events 1 Beginning disorganized mankind nomadic 2 Middle people settle down and build need governance to make it work early systems of political rule develop a Most political forums systems of domination i Empires feudalism slavery 3 End new ideas begin to play out in 1800s a Marxism Socialism Marxist offshoot Anarchism b For Fukuyama liberal democracy most important d Liberal Democracy i Anarchism is chaotic ii Marxism Socialism tend to be other forms of domination iii Democracy is only one that qualifies people as citizens best form for everybody not just for the elite 1 Characteristics a Democratic system gov t recognizing people as equal i Needed but must have powers limited by the people ii Grants the people right that the gov t must protect 1 Individual freedoms core thought expression religion etc 2 Right to own property b Capitalism i Democratic form of government that grants and protects the rights of people and allows for that market economy where everyone can benefit 1 Gives us liberal democracy iv Competing ideologies to Challenge Liberal Democracy 1 Communism a Still at play 1900s but begins to fall b Not a good system for its people domination c Couldn t provide economically for people discredited 2 Fascism a Strong contender until WII discredited v For Fukuyama liberal democracy stood as the only standing system that recognized the rights of its citizens we have reached the end 1 Expected that it would continue to spread more countries adopt in in 70 s 80 s democracy 2 Leads to rise of capitalist economics key component of liberal 3 Reaching the end doesn t mean we ve ended all wars a Will still happen over things like resources b Will happen as countries come into conformity w democracy or as they fall away from democracy IV Another Explanation for Democracy Modernization Theory a Modernization theorists see democracy as a direct byproduct of modernization as well as industrialization i Democracy came about in the West as they underwent social economic and political transformations directly related to the industrial revolution ii Evidence wealthiest countries tend to be democratic 1 Society will be completely transformed it ll destabilize the old social and political structures democracy develops b Industrialization i Starting point ii Causes society to change 1 Two new classes that did not previously exist a Previously either peasants or nobility c Societies Transformed i Emergence of Bourgeoisie Proletariat Urbanization Education and Civil Society NEW CLASSES 1 Bourgeoisie middle class those who owned the means of production became wealthy men as industrialists a Problem they weren t nobility didn t have those rights b Challenged system to gain those rights c Not trying to tear down old system wanted to be let in 2 Proletariat working class industrial revolution built on their labor couldn t have occurred w o them a Benefit from this system eventually b Initially exploited long hours unsafe conditions i Workers became politicized and began joining unions ii Worked for sanitary conditions benefits etc c Put pressure on old system demanding rights protections 3 Urbanization a As people looked for jobs they flocked to cities not prevalent before the Industrial Revolution b Congregates masses of
View Full Document
Unlocking...