Intro to Neo-Liberalism1. What Realism doesn’t explain2. LiberalismA. ClassicalB. Neo-Liberalism1. Collective security2. Cooperation under anarchy3. Reciprocity-Implications4. Interdependence5. Collective goods6. Absolute/Non zero sum gains3. Prisoners Dilemma according to the liberalsA. Shadow of the futureB. Cost of defectionC. Tit-for-tatEurope has not dissolved; NATO is still intact unlike Mearshimer’s predictions. Cooperation through economics, military through NATO. Realists don’t put too much stock in cooperation. 1648- 30 year war ends with Treaty of Westphalia - Congress of Vienna seeking cooperation for collective security.- WWI- League of Nations bring about international collaboration - WWII- UN formedLiberals don’t view anarchy as conflict of competition, cooperation still possible. Mutual interests tie us together. Ex- oil, energy, environment, economic stability and prosperity, human rights.Classical Liberalism- by product of the Enlightenment; by product of the individual. Government works for the people. Associated with Liberalism- capitalism, democracy, voting rights, human rights. Political movement challenging monarchiesNeo=Liberalism- focuses on instituitons, cooperation, collective security and the spread of democracy onthe concept that democracy breeds peace. Liberalism is a challenge to realism on the assumption of war due to anarchy. States should help contribute to collective security not just individual. Ex- Belgium prior to WWII was notpart of an alliance and was over-run. Repeated in WWII. They would benefit for looking at the collective security of Europe.Idea of League of Nations- idea or institution flawed?Reciprocity- how states relate and react to one another. “I’ll treat you how you treat me”Through a commitment to communication we can build positive reciprocity. Weak states and strong states can be equals, it is not about power. Ex- US and China working together although there are different ideologies. The more frequent states interact with one another the more likely they are to have positive conotations. Gorbachev and ReaganTrust is built over repeated contact. Reciprocity builds compromise. Interdependence links interests with others becoming mutually dependent on each other. Trade is the prime example of interdependence. EU interdependence has steadily increased overtime. Collective goods are only achieved by working together. Ex- The environment, if 1 is polluting it affects all. Absolute/ Non zero sum gains- everyone gains. Realist perspective which is relative or zero sum gain prisoner’s dilemma. Realists will most likely get 20/20 meaning both will defect. There is no communication between prisoners.Liberals- repetitive plays, repetitive contact. Assumption that there will be common goals, expectation of future contact and what it will be like. Best interest to nurture friendship. Do you gain more from cooperation or defection? Keep states in line by raising the cost of defection by issuing sanctions. In prisoner’s collective best interest to not confess. Liberals don’t claim that there will never be defection just that it is in the best interest of everyone to cooperate. If you are maintaining communication errors can be
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