Democracy Tuesday September 29 2015 11 04 AM 1 2 3 4 5 Post cold war predictions Meirschiemer Huntington fukuyama Waves of democracy Fukuama s end of history a Hegel b preeminence of ideas c liberal democracy Another explanation for democracy modernization theory a industrialization b societies transformed emergence of bourgeoisie proletariat urbanization education civil society c democracy prevails d critiques of modernization theory Democratic stability theory The end of history the end of point of mankind s ideological evolution and the universalization of western liberal democracy as the final form of human government Liberal democracy sees us as equals State functions as equals Not based on power and relationships Were recognized as equals Idea of recognition Georg Wilhelm friedrich Hegel He does not view the world in a materialistic way more in idea way 3 components that he lays out 1 2 Desire for survival we are going to seek out those things to increase our chance of survival water food shelter Recognition on our accomplishments For fukuyama ideas comes first and decides everything else Teleological history linear development historical process Libral vs democracy vs communism Going head to head Communism fell during the years Was not working with the benefit of the people Leaves liberal democracy available to people Bourgeoisie industrialist upper middle class Democracies do not fight other democracies They are less likely to fight each other 1 Post cold war predictions Essential component of nation state system democracy Years since WWII rise in democracy dip during cold war era Realists uncomfortable with the end of the cold war ended bi polarity a conflict meirschiemer and the realists predict conflict Liberals everything is more interconnected peace through international efforts of cooperation Samuel Huntington clash of civilizations also predicts conflict but civilizational Francis fukuyama the end of history more optimistic view of what is to come the end of the cold war and communism allowed for a major explosion of democracy democratization increased peace and global prosperity problem sounds off often misinterpreted because of title 2 waves of democracy fukuyama s work was a specific response to the spread of democracy Post cold war expansion means we have reached the end of history human progression not over not the end of time the world we have reached the end of logical evolution of political ideology 3 Fukuyama s end of history a Hegel German philosopher b preeminence of ideas 3 basic components We all have a need for survival Mankind s ability to reason separates us from other animals and helps us survive Innate spiritedness where people search for recognition of one s self worth Innate spiritedness where people search for recognition of one s self worth Why as a human am I valuable Seek recognition of own self world Drives making in quest for equality Drives us into competition for recognition Democracy great equalizer equity under law No longer competing with each other to be dominant state or hegemon We see each other and ourselves as being equal Recognition of sovereign rights and equality of other states New constructivist identity perspective Fukuyama with hegel as predecessor Ideology comes first realist power not goal prestige is goal identity Development of political ideology liberal democracy a countries see each other as equals and compete for recognition Teleological history history as an evolution of ideas Ideas shape political and social organization Man has been trying to work out best form of political ideology throughout history History as development of ideas and ideology which shape everything else Ideas drive formation of government and state economy Have to be aware of cultural religious societal differences Taking identity of others into consideration and modifying our own behavior Logical natural and linear progression of ideas that continues until reaching fulfillment in liberal democracy Criticism ethnocentric very western oriented Every country would ideally come to accept democracy Liveral democracy Challneges marxism anarchism etc Bestfor fukuyama Based specifically on ideals born out of the enlightenment individual freedom equality rights respected and protected by government individual with say government working for the people Clearly defined components Having a democratic form of government that limits the role of the govt if we are equal there is no justification for any form of rule that dominates the peopl ensured through voting rights Lecture TEST 2 Page 1 people Bourgeoisie industrialist upper middle class Gaining wealth but did not have the right status Class put pressure towards the higher classes for them to let them in because they want to buy property etc too GDP AND DEMOCRACY Poorest 20 0 1 Next poorest 20 0 3 Middle 20 0 25 Next wealthiest 20 0 5 Wealthiest 20 0 8 2nd largest economy in the world china If development leads to democracy why isn t china a democracy wealth doesn t cause democracy Wealth does support stability of democracy individual freedom equality rights respected and protected by government individual with say government working for the people Clearly defined components Having a democratic form of government that limits the role of the govt if we are equal there is no justification for any form of rule that dominates the peopl ensured through voting rights Protect individual freedoms through laws right to own property or one class would dominate the others Economic opportunity through capitalism market economy that gives equal opportunities to everyone all can particiapte and benefit U S liveral democracy europe social democracy Liberal democracy faced 2 challenges in the 20 century communism and fascism Fascism strong before WWII but because of wwii it was discredited Communism proved unworkable hardships for those under it Soviet russia fell a democracy took hold For fukuyama this was the end of history man finally found the best form of government where everybody can thrive staying power 4 One explanation for democracy modernization a Theory Industrialization democracy will come into being as a direct result of the economic transformation of europe born out of severe social changes b Societies tranformed economic development promotes democracy by transforming the underlying societ the masses which uproot the old political system Classes emerge that demands rights and access to the system c
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