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9 1 13 Classical Realism focuses on power put power heavily on leader of state and human nature being selfish and humans are aggressive Hobbean Ideal Thomas Hobbes action of leader reflects on the states Overall focus on state system Hans Morgenthau leader of classical realism War a result of Individuals that were flawed created flawed systems and governments How is it fixed Increase communication Focus on spread of democracy Respect and recognize sovereignty of other states Realists thought war was natural and inevitable they will always happen Neo Realism States 1 concern should be security so it can ensure survival Focus on the structure of international system not the individual how states are aligned Structural realism Because there is no global governmental authority states are going to be in a competition with each other Assumptions of Neo Realism States are unitary actors state acts as individual player Actions designed to guarantee its security Based on own rational self interest Concerned primarily on themselves States seek security Whether democracy or authoritarian regime the goal is survival May do so by increasing their security power and possibly scaring their neighbors How to avoid conflict Seek allies protect them and build strength Bandwagoning small states join more powerful larger states Balancing balance of powers not one side larger than the other Polarity Uni Polarity one state has the most power militarily economically and culturally Bi polarity two powerful players one on one side one on the other seen as the most secure by the realists Multi Polarity when you have multiple powerful players in a system Realists predict this is where we are headed Can states work together and cooperate Cant force a state to cooperate Zero sum games one states gains result in another state s loss Security Dilemma Prisoner s Dilemma game theory WWI Germany and Security Dilemma If its weak it can be absorbed by neighboring state If its strong it can absorb other states Otton von Bismarck chief factitioner of realpolitik ensure Germany would be strong Triple Entence France UK Russia Central Powers Germany Austria Hungary Ottoman Empire There is balance and therefore equilibrium Less chance of war Because of alliance there is no guarantee of survival because every power is too evenly balanced Balance of powers and reasons for its demise Power transition Britain declining and Germany rising Could have been destabilizing factor and catalyst Maybe not Because the war wasn t between them Britain reluctant to go into war Preventative War Russia rising 1905 Germany hit apex of power stronger than Russia but Russia vast land growing quickly if Russia became more powerful than Germany and larger it could be a problem Interwar to WWII Balance VERY UNSTABLE German empire fell Austria Hungary fell Ottoman Empire fell and Russian Empire fell Pyrrhic Victory when you have lost more than you have gained France war fought here land destroyed lots of men dead Britain another nail in coffin as it was declining US came in later and loss not as great but in immediate years after we went home and became isolationist removed from European politics and later depression Power that could defend others and keep power balanced retracts equilibrium lost not clear the relative power of each state from another Balance of power Destabilizing multi polar configuration of power after WWI 1919 No major power or vulnerable League of Nations Woodrow Wilson international organization Reduce the possibility of war by communicating and seeking cooperation with other states and recognizing sovereignty and working together for collective security Lacked military power Could impose sanctions under same condition that powers had to come together to impose them US not part of League of Nations many argue if they would have been it would have been the power that made it work Too unbalanced and weak when league was challenged it didn t have enough to fight back Challenges Japan Manchukuo and Italy Japan delegates walked out of League of Nations Mussolini in power wanted to take Ethiopia League agreed to impose sanctions incl Rubber and Tin and arms Didn t include oil and was one thing that could ve crippled Italy s effort Why Mussolini was threatening war scared that too much action would bring him and Hitler to form alliance Britain and France went to recognize their territory taken as legitimate Appeasement Britain and France concerned they had reason Germany no longer abiding by rules of treaty of Versailles September 1938 Munich conference Britain and France Italy Germany Act of Appeasement from British and French one side gives something to other to try and bring about peace Hitler wants Sudetenland and why they say ok but ask to promise not to go further Hitler agrees March 1939 Germans take Czechoslovakia Germany could not be trusted and working together was not going to succeed B F knew they needed to start preparing Nazi Germany as Revisionist State Mearsheimer s viewpoint War not surprising because of multi polar situation and instability Germany rising and nobody to keep check on them created security dilemma for everyone and Germans had to be concerned because states around them would try to align against them to counterbalance Act aggressively to ensure survival Germans were looking for more than security they wanted full power Goal is to be sole power and as revisionist state they think balance of power isn t stable The Cold War Erupts Feb 1945 the Big 3 get together and once again at Potsdam Attlee Truman Stalin Topic Post war Europe Every country would control territory they had won over until permanent solution would be decided on Germany divided temporarily and jointly administered by 4 powers US UK France Russia Berlin also divided and jointly administered US wanted to spread Democracy and bring it to western Order build a friend of Germany Russians wanted spread of communism into Europe East Central Europe Soviet Satellites US demanded elections be held Stalin complied after all opposition party leaders arrested Communist leaders elected on their own Linked to Moscow Series of satellite states controlled by Moscow even though they have own gov t Relationship between US USSR broke down Why these 2 powers after WWII they were the major powers worlds greatest military industrial economic powers Marshall Plan Offer economic aid to Europe so it could rebuild called for linking 3 western zones of Germany


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FSU INR 3003 - Classical Realism

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