Democracy After the Cold war 10 26 2014 democracy Waves of Democracy 1 New security crisis and disaster Mearsheimer o Fundamental underlying of the system didn t change still a struggle of power 2 Clash of Civilizations Huntington cultures of the war 3 End of History Fukuyama o Fundamental ways of understanding the functions of other o Collapse of communism was the end of history o Misinterpreted and misunderstood responded to spread of 1st wave 19th century West northern European countries 2nd wave Post WWII Europe and Latin America 3rd wave Post Cold War Latin America Africa Central Europe ends in the 60 s and 70 s Fukuyama says The end of history the end point of mankind s ideological evolution and the universalization of western liberal democracy as the final form of human government o Found in ideas of Hagel Did not interoperate history in a material way materials not the drive for history Hagel says three components to natural makeup 1 Innate desire for survival 2 Ability to Reason 3 Natural spiritedness that desires recognition from others that leads to competition Identity perspective constructivist Democracy Political ideology Great equalizer Struggle is for prestige NOT POWER in realism use prestige to get power In international system states should interact with each other as equals How Fukuyama uses Hagel s ideas in todays world o History Understood as the evolution of the dominate ideas over time o Human history is us using ideas to work out the best way to organize our political social and economic lives o Teleological clear progression of ideas until they reach their ultimate fulfillment Story The beginning simple forms of social organization got more complex needed new forms of organization Systems of domination empires feudalism New Ideas socialism Marxism anarchism liberal slavery democracy Liberal Democracy Political philosophy with central claim that the individuals is the fundamental basis of all society o 1 Democracy consent of the government based on concept of equality o 2 Limitation on political power rules and rights we have right to own property o 3 Market Economy Capitalism should benefit everyone Chinas way to the future Fukuyama sees the end of the 20th century final clash of ideas between liberal democracy fascism and communism Liberal democracy won o Fascism discredited because of loss of war Communism discredited because soviet union collapse couldn t compete with economy of liberal democracies Events still occurred but clash of ideas over Conflict over material issues still possible Search for ideal form of political government has come to an end and conflict will now come from material things not conflict over ideology Modernization Theory another way of the emergence of liberal democracy Theory looks at how economic development promotes democratization by transformation society Modernization and development have helped secure the form of democracy Democracy emerged from the west Industrial revolution came from the west too o Social structure changed o No feudalism o Mass migration into the cities Ways industrialization changed society o 1 Creation of the middle class Working class wants to be involved with capitalism aka hiring workers buying and selling land free market and capitalism Opposed the old rules that challenged their right to property turned against landlords Wanted stability but a change in the way things worked o 2 Creation of the working class exploited developed thought about the way owners treated them wanted better working conditions o 3 Urbanization o Lead to a Increased communication exposed groups to come into contact with each other new cultures saw their shared common interests b concentrated population Easier to get what they wanted because there is a concentrated population of them Wasn t necessary before industrialization but was after because people needed to know how to work read and do a set skills This lead to more interactive government because now that they could read they are aware of and wanted more out of their government o 4 Education o 5 Civil Society volunteered Connections among different types of people emerged Ways that people came together and interacted with each other Ex Bowling league church group etc Critiques of Modernization Theory 1 Story of the West o As industrialized became democratic When other countries devolved they didn t developed under the same conditions Industrializing in a world where some countries ALREADY have been industrialized 2 Exceptions China oil countries Sudan Qatar o China education urbanization middle class etc but no signs of democracy 3 Identity Perspective Argues that economic change leads to democracy Democratic stability industrialization wealth promotes democratic stability 1 Civil Society o wants democracy 2 Education Opportunity o More informed populace individuals Higher costs to transition o People are happier when wealth creates opportunity for o Cost money to shut down and takes awhile to restart economy Evidence YES As states become wealthier they have incentive to stay democratic and wont transition Every time you try to become democratic the more you will succeed The more times you try and fail the better democracy you will have the next time Democratic Peace Democratic Peace Stability 3 main Points 10 26 2014 o 1 Democracies don t fight each other Late 19th century view since 1812 US and Britain hasn t gone to war against each other Turns out to be pretty true from statistics Doesn t mean that they NEVER go to war but the data suggests that they are less inclined to fight wars o 2 Democracy solves the security dilemma Best way to insure peace o 3 Democracies prefer each other in trade and diplomacy has to do with the fact that democracies finds it easier to trust other democracies because they are more transparent dependable Democracies are held accountable by the people so they are more likely to trust each other Evidence points to trading occurs more deeply Some argue that this is because all democracies are developed countries Easier to lock in treaties trust Democratic Peace according to our IR perspectives Identity Views perspective o Value peace more than other states to o Trust is greater o Sees other democracies as less of a threat than non democracies o Common values Liberal Views perspectives o Complex interdependence Connected through trade and international War becomes expensive Democracies are more wealthier so they trade a lot a
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