Oceanography Chapter 1 Homework Interactive Questions in the order that they appear in the homework Visualizing Oceanography Introduction to Planet Earth Part A On the pie diagram below match the name of the ocean with its correct relative size 1 A Pacific Ocean 2 B Indian Ocean 3 D Arctic Ocean 4 C Atlantic Ocean Part B This map depicts the voyages of the Vikings Match the correct letter with the statements below 1 D It is believed that Eric the Red may have discovered the area 2 C When Eric the REd was banished from Iceland he discovered this land where he later started a colony 3 A This was the first new land conquered by the Vikings 4 B This is the land discovered by Leif Erikson Part C This map depicts the voyages of some European explorers during the Age of Discovery Match the route with each explorer 1 B Columbus 2 A Magellan Part D Match the steps of the scientific method with the chart below 1 D Theory 2 C Testing 3 A Observation 4 B Hypothesis Part E In the cross sectional view of Earth s interior shown below correctly match each layer with its appropriate name 1 B Mantle 2 E Inner core 3 A Outer core 4 C Lithosphere 5 D Crust 6 F Asthenosphere Oceanography Videos Field Study Segments Floating Lab Experience Abroad the R V Sea Explorer Part A In the ship s name what does R V stand for research vessel Part B All of the following are oceanographic sampling activities that are completed on board the ship EXCEPT DNA analysis of marine organisms Give It Some Thought Forecasting of Tsunamis and Earthquakes Part A Which of the following best describes how scientists help the public prepare for an earthquake event Scientists cannot predict when exactly an earthquake will occur but they can identify tectonically active areas that are likely to produce earthquake activity and let the public know they are in an earthquake prone area Part B Look at the accompanying map showing the locations of the 15 largest earthquakes in the world since 1900 Imagine an earthquake occurs at location 2 on the map southern Alaska that could generate a tsunami Which of the following statements are most accurate All locations except 9 could benefit from an alert that an earthquake occurred at location 2 because they are near the ocean and might experience a resultant tsunami All islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean should also receive warnings Part C Look again at the map An earthquake at which of the following locations could cause a tsunami All of the locations except 9 could produce tsunamis because all are subduction zones involving at least one oceanic plate Give it Some Thought How Water Affects Stability in Unconsolidated Materials During an Earthquake Part A Examine the accompanying image Which of the following best describes why the ground surrounding the students looks dry and solid while the ground underneath them is wet and muddy Note that when the students arrived at this place all the ground appeared solid and no earthquake occurred while they were at the site The motion of the students bodies in the water rich soil caused it to flow like a fluid Part B Which of the following is the best description of what happens to water saturated soils during an earthquake The shaking causes water from between grains to move and push grains apart weakening the material and allowing it to flow like a slurry Part C Jogging on a beach where the sand is packed together near where ocean waves meet the sand you notice that your footprints quickly fill with water after each step Waves are not filling them up Instead there is another reason Where is the water coming from The water is from the pore spaces between the sand grains Give it Some Thought Properties of Earth s Layers 1 Part A Earth has three compositionally distinct layers the crust mantle and core The core has separate inner and outer sections that are physically different For the following physical properties and compositional properties sort each item into the bins for the layer of Earth that they best characterize Crust Is Earth s stuff rigid rocky shell Is completely solid Part of this layer has a relatively homogeneous composition while another part is composed of many rock types Mantle Contains rock rich in magnesium and iron Contains a weak layer below the lithosphere Core Contains iron and nickel Contains a liquid outer layer and a solid inner layer Give it Some Thought How Seismic Waves Travel Through Earth Part A Determine which types of waves would be able to pass through the various solid and liquid layers of Earth Label each path with either P S or P and S if either type of wave is possible to indicate which type s of body waves could be represented by that path clockwise P S waves 2 o clock P waves 4 o clock P waves 6 o clock P S waves 9 o clock P S waves 11 o clock Part B Look at the figure below showing a slice through Earth s interior again There is one layer in Earth that will transmit only one type of wave based on its composition Select the layer from A B and C that doesn t transmit all waves B yellow ring Give It Some Thought Earth s Early Composition Part A If all were accessible which of the following items would be best for geologists to examine to better understand Earth s internal structure an iron meteorite Give It Some Thought Classification of Rocks Part A Study the accompanying flow chart by starting at the green arrow in the upper left Read through the various rock descriptions as you progress through the chart Label the right column with sedimentary metamorphic or igneous rock type to match the appropriate preceding description layers are flat and soft or crumbly sedimentary layers are made of crystals which are about the same size in all layers metamorphic looks glassy dense and hard like window glass igneous looks glassy brittle lightweight opaque black metamorphic grains are mostly sand silt or gravel sedimentary grains are mostly mineral crystals crystals are randomly oriented in very hard rock igneous crystals are mostly garnet micas serpentine graphite galena sphalerite metamorphic rock is vesicular has bubble shaped holes cavities or looks frothy igneous Give It Some Thought Accretion and Orogensis Part A Using the map of present day oceanic plateaus and other submerged crustal fragments determine which feature is most likely to be accreted onto a continent Galapagos Rise Part B After accretion which tools could a geologist use to differentiate between a terrane and the continent onto which it
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