1 On the pie diagram below match the name of the ocean with its correct relative size Chapter 1 a A Pacific Ocean b B Indian Ocean c D Arctic Ocean d C Atlantic Ocean 2 This map depicts the voyages of the Vikings Match the correct letter with the statements below a C When Eric the Red was banished from Iceland he discovered this land where he later started a colony b B This is the land discovered by Leif Eriksson c A This was the first new land conquered by the Vikings d D It is believed that Eric the Red may have discovered this area 3 This map depicts the voyages of some European explorers during the Age of Discovery Match the route with each explorer a B Columbus b A Magellan 4 Match the steps of the scientific method with the chart below 5 In the cross sectional view of Earth s interior shown below correctly match each layer with its appropriate name a D Theory b A Observation c C Testing d B Hypotyhesis a C Lithosphere b F Asthenosphere c E Inner core d A Outer core e B Mantle f D Crust a research vessel 6 In the ship s name what does R V stand for 7 All of the following are oceanographic sampling activities that are completed on board the ship a DNA analysis of marine organisms 8 Which of the following best describes how scientists help the public prepare for an earthquake EXCEPT event a Scientists cannot predict when exactly an earthquake will occur but they can identify tectonically active areas that are likely to produce earthquake activity and let the public know they are in an earthquake prone area 9 Look at the accompanying map showing the locations of the 15 largest earthquakes in the world since 1900 Imagine an earthquake occurs at location 2 on the map southern Alaska that could generate a tsunami Which of the following statements are most accurate a All locations except 9 could benefit from an alert that an earthquake occurred at location 2 because they are near the ocean and might experience a resultant tsunami b All islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean should also receive warnings 10 Look again at the map An earthquake at which of the following locations could cause a tsunami a All of the locations except 9 could produce tsunamis because all are subduction zones involving at least one oceanic plate 11 Examine the accompanying image Which of the following best describes why the ground surrounding the students looks dry and solid while the ground underneath them is wet and muddy Note that when the students arrived at this place all the ground appeared solid and no earthquake occurred while they were at the site a The motion of the students bodies in the water rich soil caused it to flow like a fluid 12 Which of the following is the best description of what happens to water saturated soils during an earthquake a The shaking causes water from between grains to move and push grains apart weakening the material and allowing it to flow like a slurry 13 Jogging on a beach where the sand is packed together near where ocean waves meet the sand you notice that your footprints quickly fill with water after each step Waves are not filling them up Instead there is another reason Where is the water coming from a The water is from the pore spaces between the sand grains 14 Earth has three compositionally distinct layers the crust mantle and core The core has separate inner and outer sections that are physically different For the following physical properties and compositional properties sort each item into the bins for the layer of Earth that they best characterize a Crust Part of this layer has a relatively homogeneous composition while another part is composed of many rock types i ii Is completely solid Is Earth s stiff rigid rocky shell b Mantle Contains a weak layer below the lithosphere i Contains rock rich in magnesium and iron c Core Contains a liquid outer layer and a solid inner layer i Contains iron and nickel a Top to the left of the star P and S waves b Top right P and S waves c Bottom right P waves d Bottom P waves e Left middle P and S waves 15 Determine which types of waves would be able to pass through the various solid and liquid layers of Earth Label each path with either P S or P and S if either type of wave is possible to indicate which type s of body waves could be represented by that path 16 Look at the figure below showing a slice through Earth s interior again There is one layer in Earth that will transmit only one type of wave based on its composition Select the layer from A B and C that doesn t transmit all waves a B 17 If all were accessible which of the following items would be best for geologists to examine to better understand Earth s internal structure a an iron meteorite 18 Study the accompanying flow chart by starting at the green arrow in the upper left Read through the various rock descriptions as you progress through the chart Label the right column with sedimentary metamorphic or igneous rock type to match the appropriate preceding description Igneous a Top to Bottom Sedimentary b Metamorphic c d Metamorphic e Sedimentary f g Metamorphic h Igneous Igneous 19 Using the map of present day oceanic plateaus and other submerged crustal fragments determine which feature is most likely to be accreted onto a continent a Galapagos Rise 20 As you have seen terranes can be accreted onto continents at active boundaries Now think about the markers in a terrane that could be used to differentiate between the original continental crust and the new terrane a Use paleomagnetic data to tell if the rocks have shifted position significantly Paleomagnetism is the study of magnetic properties of a rock to determine the record of Earth s magnetic field b Look for fossils that are distinct from those of the continent c Look at the rock types and determine if they are distinctly different from the continent 21 When did our Solar System begin to form a 5 billion years ago 22 How did our Solar System begin to form a A large cloud of dust and gas began to contract under the force of gravity 23 What is a nebula a a large diffuse cloud of dust and gas in space 24 Where did the energy of the Sun come from originally a thermal energy that was converted from the gravitational energy of the original nebula collapse 25 The vertical movement of Earth s crust due to the addition or removal of weight is called a isostatic adjustment a Higher a Lower 26 If a container ship that is floating on water has weight removed from the deck it would float in relation to its
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